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Author(s):  
Alto Osada ◽  
Atsushi Noguchi

Abstract Trapped-ion quantum technologies have been developed for decades toward applications such as precision measurement, quantum communication and quantum computation. Coherent manipulation of ions' oscillatory motions in an ion trap is important for quantum information processing by ions, however, unwanted decoherence caused by fluctuating electric-field environment often hinders stable and high-fidelity operations.. One way to avoid this is to adopt pulsed laser ablation for ion loading, a loading method with significantly reduced pollution and heat production. Despite the usefulness of the ablation loading such as the compatibility with cryogenic environment, randomness of the number of loaded ions is still problematic in realistic applications where definite number of ions are preferably loaded with high probability. %The ablation loading is proven to be useful, being even compatible with cryogenic environment, except for the randomness of the number of loaded ions. In this paper, we demonstrate an efficient loading of a single strontium ion into a surface electrode trap generated by laser ablation and successive photoionization. The probability of single-ion loading into a surface electrode trap is measured to be 82\,\%, and such a deterministic single-ion loading allows for loading ions into the trap one-by-one. Our results open up a way to develop more functional ion-trap quantum devices by the clean, stable, and deterministic ion loading.


2021 ◽  
Vol 103 ◽  
pp. 107346
Author(s):  
Enling Tang ◽  
Chang Liu ◽  
Mengzhou Chang ◽  
Mingyang Xu ◽  
Yafei Han ◽  
...  

Author(s):  
Zeina. M. Kadam

The present work analyzed the electrochemical activity of certain amino acids on the modified carbon electrode as-prepared, such as glycine, threonine and aspartic acid. The electrochemical methods used to investigate surface electrode behavior through amino acid molecules at a fixed concentration and temperature of 298.15 K in the perchloric acid electrolyte solution. The findings showed that the surface electrode was ideal for the analysis of glycine, threonine, and aspartic acid molecules. Aspartic acid showed electrochemical activity by voltage and polarization resistance to 0.533 mV and 9.557 ohms, respectively. In addition, the FE-SEM images showed the thin film layer on the surface electrode from the amino acid molecules in different shapes and dense aggregations, more with aspartic acid under optimum experimental conditions.


Author(s):  
Maritza G Gonzalez ◽  
Meghan Gabriella Hill ◽  
Wayne R. Cohen

Objective: Compare performance of a maternal surface electrode patch with ultrasound- and tocodynamometer-based monitoring to detect fetal heart rate and uterine contractility in late preterm labors. Study design: Thirty women between 340/7 and 366/7 weeks’ gestation were monitored simultaneously with a Doppler/tocodynamometer system and a wireless fetal-maternal abdominal surface electrode system. Fetal and maternal heart rate and uterine contraction data from both systems were compared. Reliability was measured by the success rate and percent agreement. Deming regression and Bland-Altman analysis estimated the concordance between the systems. Uterine contractions were assessed by visual interpretation of monitor tracings. Results: The success rate for the surface electrode system was 89.5 (95% CI 85.7,93.3)% and for ultrasound 88.4 (84.9,91.9)%; p=0.73, with a percent agreement of 88.1 (84.2,92.8)%. Results were uninfluenced by the subjects’ body mass. The mean Deming slope was 1.0 and the y-intercept -3.0 bpm. Bland-Altman plots also showed a close relationship between the methods, with limits of agreement <10 bpm. The percent agreement for maternal heart rate was 98.2 (97.4,98.8)% and for uterine contraction detection was 89.5 (85.5,93.4)%. Conclusions: Fetal heart rate and uterine contraction monitoring at 34-366/7 weeks using abdominal surface electrodes was not inferior to Doppler ultrasound-tocodynamometry for fetal-maternal assessment. Registration: clinicaltrials.gov/February 20, 2017/ Identifier NCT03057275


2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hardik Kothare ◽  
Mark S Courey ◽  
Katherine C Yung ◽  
Sarah L Schneider ◽  
Srikantan Nagarajan ◽  
...  

Surface electrode EMG is an established method for studying biomechanical activity. It has not been well studied in detecting laryngeal biomechanical activity of pre-phonatory onset. Our aims were to compare the sensitivity of surface EMG in identifying pre-phonatory laryngeal activity to needle electrode laryngeal EMG and to compare the pre-phonatory period in patients with adductor laryngeal dystonia (ADLD) with that in controls. ADLD patients (n = 10) undergoing needle LEMG prior to Botox injection and participants with normal voices (n = 6) were recruited. Surface EMG electrodes were placed over the cricoid ring and thyrohyoid membrane. Needle EMG electrodes were inserted into the thyroarytenoid muscle. EMG and auditory output samples were collected during phonation onset. Tracings were de-identified and evaluated. Measurements of time from onset in change of the amplitude and motor unit frequency on the interference pattern to onset of phonation were calculated by two blinded raters. 42 of 71 patient and 40 of 50 control tracings were available for analysis. Correlation for pre-phonatory time between electrode configuration was 0.70 for patients, 0.64 for controls and 0.79 for all the data combined. Inter-rater correlation was 0.97 for needle and 0.96 for surface electrodes. ADLD patients had a longer pre-phonatory time than control subjects by 169.48ms with surface electrode and 140.23ms with needle electrode (p < 0.001). Surface EMG demonstrates equal reliability as Needle EMG in detecting pre-phonatory activity in controls and subjects. Patients with ADLD have a significantly prolonged pre-phonatory period when compared with controls.


Author(s):  
Christina M. Tringides ◽  
Nicolas Vachicouras ◽  
Irene de Lázaro ◽  
Hua Wang ◽  
Alix Trouillet ◽  
...  

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 01-08
Author(s):  
S.M Debbal

In this work, a device for the evaluation of the muscular effort through the electromyogram signal is produced. This device consists essentially of three parts: the sensor part, the shaping portion, the acquisition part and the software part. The sensor part allows the EMG signal to be collected by means of surface electrode. The shaping port is realized based on an instrumentation amplifier. The acquisition part concerns the analogue digital conversion and the transfer of the digital data to the pc; this is done via an arduino card, which is equipped with a microcontroller for the visualization in real time and the storage of the EMG signal on the pc on which the processing logitiels will be implemented. The signal thus processed must be displayed with the data allowing the evaluation of the effort on the monitor of the pc through a graphical interface; these are the different steps that are carried out to finalize this work.


2021 ◽  
Vol 118 (18) ◽  
pp. 182901
Author(s):  
Zhuyun Xiao ◽  
Chelsea Lai ◽  
Ruoda Zheng ◽  
Maite Goiriena-Goikoetxea ◽  
Nobumichi Tamura ◽  
...  

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