The Division of Labor and Knowledge is Limited by the Division of Ownership Over the Ultimate Resource: The Role of Economies of Scope in Julian Simon

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rosolino A. Candela
Keyword(s):  
Division Of Labor ◽  
Economies Of Scope

scholarly journals Les Clubs de presse au Japon

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 124-137
Author(s):  
César Castellvi
Keyword(s):  
Division Of Labor ◽  
Career Path ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Television Channel ◽  
Geographical Mobility ◽  
Media Companies ◽  
Daily Press ◽  
Club Membership ◽  
Exclusive Right

    FR. En partant de l’analyse des clubs de presse japonais, cet article porte sur le rôle joué par les entreprises médiatiques dans les relations des journalistes aux sources institutionnelles. En tant que principale forme d’accès aux sources, les clubs de presse (kisha kurabu) sont des rassemblements de reporters accrédités aux institutions majeures de la société (ministères, administrations, grandes entreprises, commissariats). Ils se distinguent d’autres formes d’associations de journalistes par leur présence systématique à l’ensemble du pays ainsi que par leur modalité d’accès. Seuls les reporters salariés d’une entreprise de la presse quotidienne ou d’une chaîne de télévision peuvent y adhérer. Cela écarte les autres segments de la profession et impose une division du travail où les reporters salariés disposent seuls de l’exclusivité sur la production d’informations institutionnelles. Ce système, souvent critiqué, mais toujours en place, s’explique également par l’organisation des carrières des journalistes. Les parcours des reporters salariés se déroulent en interne des entreprises et sont soumis à une forte mobilité thématique et géographique. Cette mobilité rend difficile l’entretien d’un carnet d’adresses pour beaucoup d’entre eux. L’accréditation aux clubs joue le rôle de facilitateur de mise en relation avec les sources. En contrepartie, il renforce la dépendance des journalistes vis-à-vis des entreprises qui sont les véritables propriétaires de l’accès à la matière première de l’information.   ***   EN. Based on an analysis of Japanese press clubs, this paper examines the role of media companies in journalists' relations with institutional sources. Press clubs (kisha kurabu) consist of reporters accredited by the major institutions of society (ministries, administrations, large companies, police stations) and are the main avenue of access to these sources. They differ from other journalists' associations in their systematic presence throughout the country and how one becomes a member. Only reporters employed by a daily press company or television channel can join. This bars access by other segments of the profession and imposes a division of labor in which staff reporters have the exclusive right to produce institutional news. This system is often criticized, and yet it persists, at least in part because of the career path of journalists, which takes place within companies and are subject to high thematic and geographical mobility. This mobility makes it difficult for many of them to maintain a roster of sources. Club membership facilitates connection with sources. In return, it reinforces journalists' dependence on companies that are the true gatekeepers of access to the raw material of news.   ***   PT. Partindo da análise dos clubes de imprensa japoneses, este artigo enfoca o papel desempenhado pelas empresas de mídia nas relações dos jornalistas com as fontes institucionais. Como principal forma de acesso às fontes, os clubes de imprensa (kisha kurabu) são reuniões de repórteres credenciados em grandes instituições da sociedade (ministérios, administrações, grandes empresas, delegacias de polícia). Distinguem-se de outras formas de associação de jornalistas por sua presença sistemática em todo o país e por sua modalidade de acesso. Somente repórteres que são funcionários de uma empresa de jornais diários ou de um canal de televisão podem participar. Isso exclui outros segmentos da profissão e impõe uma divisão do trabalho em que apenas os repórteres assalariados têm direitos exclusivos sobre a produção de informações institucionais. Esse sistema, frequentemente criticado, mas ainda em vigor, também é explicado pela organização de carreiras de jornalistas. As jornadas dos repórteres assalariados são realizadas internamente pelas empresas e estão sujeitas a uma alta mobilidade temática e geográfica. Essa mobilidade dificulta a manutenção de um catálogo de endereços para muitos deles. O credenciamento de clubes atua como um facilitador para o vínculo com as fontes. Em contrapartida, reforça a dependência dos jornalistas de empresas que são os verdadeiros proprietários do acesso à matéria-prima da informação.   ***

On the Event Structural Properties of the English Get-Passive

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-74
Author(s):  
Alison Biggs ◽  
David Embick
Keyword(s):  
Division Of Labor ◽  
Structural Properties ◽  
Argument Structure ◽  
Event Structure ◽  
Test Case ◽  
Event Structures ◽  
Structural Differences ◽  
Responsible Party

An important ongoing discussion in theories of argument structure concerns the explanatory division of labor between thematic properties and event structure. In this context, the English get-passive provides an interesting test case. Much previous work has analyzed get-passives as differing thematically from be-passives. Yet many get-passive properties remain poorly understood. We present an analysis of the get-passive centered on the proposal that it contains additional event structure (realized as get) relative to its be counterpart. We employ by-adjuncts to identify the event structures in passive types, and demonstrate that the behavior of this and other diagnostics support the conclusion that get- and be-passives differ systematically in ways that accord with our analysis. Further discussion considers the prominent proposal from previous studies that get-passives differ thematically from be-passives in (sometimes) assigning an Agent role to their surface subjects. We show that there is no evidence for such an analysis. Instead, intuitions about the interpretation of the get-passive surface subject arise from how an event’s Responsible Party is identified: contrasts between get and be on this dimension are a consequence of event structural differences between the two. The overall result is a unified analysis of the get-passive, one that has implications for the role of event structure in understanding the syntax and interpretation of arguments.

scholarly journals Religion, Division of Labor, and Conflict: Anti-Semitism in Germany over 600 Years

2019 ◽  
Vol 109 (5) ◽  
pp. 1764-1804 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sascha O. Becker ◽  
Luigi Pascali
Keyword(s):  
Division Of Labor ◽  
Economic Incentives ◽  
Protestant Reformation ◽  
Pronounced Change ◽  
Specific Advantage ◽  
Anti Semitism ◽  
Anti Jewish

We study the role of economic incentives in shaping the coexistence of Jews, Catholics, and Protestants, using novel data from Germany for 1,000+ cities. The Catholic usury ban and higher literacy rates gave Jews a specific advantage in the moneylending sector. Following the Protestant Reformation (1517), the Jews lost these advantages in regions that became Protestant. We show (i) a change in the geography of anti-Semitism with persecutions of Jews and anti-Jewish publications becoming more common in Protestant areas relative to Catholic areas; (ii) a more pronounced change in cities where Jews had already established themselves as moneylenders. These findings are consistent with the interpretation that, following the Protestant Reformation, Jews living in Protestant regions were exposed to competition with the Christian majority, especially in moneylending, leading to an increase in anti-Semitism. (JEL D74, J15, N33, N43, N93)

Industrial Restructuring and the Spatial Division of Labor: The Case of the Seoul Metropolitan Region, the Republic of Korea

1993 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 81-93 ◽  
Author(s):  
S O Park
Keyword(s):  
Division Of Labor ◽  
Industrial Development ◽  
Corporate Strategy ◽  
Spatial Separation ◽  
Metropolitan Region ◽  
Industrial Restructuring ◽  
High Tech ◽  
Regional Characteristics ◽  
Seoul Metropolitan Region

This paper is an overview of an industrial restructuring and spatial division of labor in the Seoul metropolitan region, with a focus on the role of the Korean government, corporate strategy, and regional characteristics in controlling labor and capital. The spatial division of labor that appeared in the 1970s was related mainly to the Korean government's promotion of the rise of large enterprises to institutionalize heavy and chemical industrial development. Since the 1980s, in addition to the role of the state, corporate strategy and regional characteristics have been regarded as important factors for understanding the undergoing industrial restructuring. Concentration and development of high-tech industries in the Seoul metropolitan region during the 1980s have progressed with evolving intensified spatial division of labor beyond the spatial separation of headquarters and production units. The evolution of intensified spatial division of labor is the result of corporate strategy which regionally separates technical workers from production workers on the one hand, and corporate strategy in utilizing regional characteristics from the government's decentralization policy on the other hand.

Digital Labor and Imperialism

2016 ◽  
Vol 67 (8) ◽  
pp. 14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christian Fuchs
Keyword(s):  
Division Of Labor ◽  
World Economy ◽  
Mexican Revolution ◽  
International Division ◽  
World War ◽  
Digital Labor ◽  
Antitrust Laws ◽  
German Revolution ◽  
International Division Of Labor

A century has now passed since Lenin's <em>Imperialism, the Highest Stage of Capitalism</em> (1916) and Bukharin's <em>Imperialism and World Economy</em> (1915), as well as Rosa Luxemburg's 1913 <em>Accumulation of Capital</em>, all spoke of imperialism as a force and tool of capitalism. It was a time of world war, monopolies, antitrust laws, strikes for pay raises, Ford's development of the assembly line, the October Revolution, the Mexican Revolution, the failed German revolution, and much more. It was a time that saw the spread and deepening of global challenges to capitalism.&hellip; This article reviews the role of the international division of labor in classical Marxist concepts of imperialism, and extends these ideas to the international division of labor in the production of information and information technology today. I will argue that digital labor, as the newest frontier of capitalist innovation and exploitation, is central to the structures of contemporary imperialism.<p class="mrlink"><p class="mrpurchaselink"><a href="http://monthlyreview.org/index/volume-67-number-8" title="Vol. 67, No. 8: January 2016" target="_self">Click here to purchase a PDF version of this article at the <em>Monthly Review</em> website.</a></p>

Why Is the Sophist a Sequel to the Theaetetus?

Phronesis ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 52 (1) ◽  
pp. 33-57 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charles Kahn
Keyword(s):  
General Theory ◽  
Division Of Labor ◽  
Important Change ◽  
Philosophy Of Nature

AbstractThe Theaetetus and the Sophist both stand in the shadow of the Parmenides, to which they refer. I propose to interpret these two dialogues as Plato's first move in the project of reshaping his metaphysics with the double aim of avoiding problems raised in the Parmenides and applying his general theory to the philosophy of nature. The classical doctrine of Forms is subject to revision, but Plato's fundamental metaphysics is preserved in the Philebus as well as in the Timaeus. The most important change is the explicit enlargement of the notion of Being to include the nature of things that change.This reshaping of the metaphysics is prepared in the Theaetetus and Sophist by an analysis of sensory phenomena in the former and, in the latter, a new account of Forms as a network of mutual connections and exclusions. The division of labor between the two dialogues is symbolized by the role of Heraclitus in the former and that of Parmenides in the latter. Theaetetus asks for a discussion of Parmenides as well, but Socrates will not undertake it. For that we need the visitor from Elea. Hence the Theaetetus deals with becoming and flux but not with being; that topic is reserved for Eleatic treatment in the Sophist. But the problems of falsity and Not-Being, formulated in the first dialogue, cannot be resolved without the considerations of truth and Being, reserved for the later dialogue. That is why there must be a sequel to the Theaetetus.

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