In vitro selection of gamma irradiated shoots of ginger (Zingiber officinale Rosc.) against Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. zingiberi and molecular analysis of the resistant plants

2020 ◽  
Vol 143 (2) ◽  
pp. 319-330
Author(s):  
Vishal Sharma ◽  
Manisha Thakur ◽  
Manica Tomar
2019 ◽  
Vol 41 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Marco A. Ramírez-Mosqueda ◽  
Lourdes G. Iglesias-Andreu ◽  
Jaime A. Teixeira da Silva ◽  
Mauricio Luna-Rodríguez ◽  
Juan C. Noa-Carrazana ◽  
...  

2007 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 65-70 ◽  
Author(s):  
RULLY DYAH PURWATI ◽  
SAID HARRAN ◽  
SUDARSONO

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 64
Author(s):  
RULLY DYAH PURWATI ◽  
UNTUNG SETYO BUDI ◽  
SUDARSONO SUDARSONO

ABSTRAK<br />Penyakit layu Fusarium yang disebabkan oleh cendawan Fusarium<br />oxysporum Schlecht f.sp. cubense (E.F. Smith) Snyd &amp; Hans (Foc)<br />merupakan penyakit yang banyak menyerang tanaman Musa sp. (termasuk<br />abaka) dan dapat menurunkan produktivitas serat antara 20-65%. Salah<br />satu cara untuk mengatasi masalah tersebut adalah penggunaan klon abaka<br />yang resisten. Seleksi in vitro dengan menggunakan agens penyeleksi<br />asam fusarat (AF) merupakan metode yang efektif untuk memperoleh klon<br />abaka resisten terhadap infeksi Foc. Pengkulturan kalus embriogen dan<br />tunas abaka pada medium tunas (MT) yang mengandung berbagai<br />konsentrasi AF digunakan untuk mengetahui pengaruh daya hambat AF.<br />Konsentrasi sub-letal ditentukan sebagai konsentrasi yang paling tinggi<br />menghambat proliferasi kalus embriogen dan tunas abaka. Seleksi in vitro<br />untuk mengidentifikasi embrio somatik yang insensitif AF dilakukan<br />dengan konsentrasi sub-letal. Setelah regenerasi dan aklimatisasi plantlet,<br />klon abaka hasil regenerasi ditanam di rumah kaca untuk pengujian<br />ketahanan terhadap Foc menggunakan metode detached leaf dual culture.<br />Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk (1) mengevaluasi daya hambat pertumbuhan<br />kalus embriogen abaka, (2) mengetahui konsentrasi sub-letal AF, (3)<br />mengidentifikasi varian embrio somatik abaka yang insensitif AF melalui<br />seleksi in vitro yang dilanjutkan dengan regenerasi plantlet, dan (4)<br />mengevaluasi resistensi plantlet hasil regenerasi terhadap infeksi Foc.<br />Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa AF menghambat pertumbuhan kalus<br />embriogen dan tunas abaka, sedangkan konsentrasi sub-letal AF adalah 50<br />mg/l. Dari seleksi in vitro dihasilkan 85 plantlet klon Tangongon dan 28<br />plantlet klon Sangihe-1 yang diregenerasikan dari embrio somatik yang<br />insensitif AF. Genotipe asli Tangongon termasuk dalam kelompok sangat<br />rentan terhadap infeksi Foc, sedangkan dua dari tiga varian dari klon<br />Tangongon yang diuji menunjukkan resisten dan satu agak rentan. Pada<br />penelitian ini, pengujian resistensi terhadap infeksi Foc varian yang<br />berasal dari klon Sangihe-1 belum dapat dilakukan karena plantlet masih<br />terlalu kecil sehingga belum dapat diaklimatisasi.<br />Kata kunci: Abaka, Musa textilis Nee., penyakit, Fusarium, keragaman<br />somaklonal, toksin cendawan, Jawa Timur<br />ABSTRACT<br />The usage of fusaric acid (FA) in vitro selection of abaca<br />resistant to Fusarium Oxysporum f. sp. cubense<br />Wilt Fusarium disease caused by Fusarium oxysporum Schlecht<br />f.sp. cubense (E.F. Smith) Snyd &amp; Hans (Foc) is one of the major diseases<br />of Musa sp. including abaca, and it could decrease 20-65% fiber<br />productivity. One of the method to solve this problem is utilization of<br />abaca resistant clones. In vitro selection using fusaric acid (FA) as<br />selective agents is an effective method to produce abaca resistant clones to<br />Foc infection. Culturing abaca embriogenic calli (EC) and shoots on MT<br />medium containing various FA concentrations was used to determine FA<br />inhibition effects. Sub-lethal concentration was defined as one inhibiting &gt;<br />90% proliferation of abaca EC and shoots. In vitro selection to identify FA<br />insensitive SE was conducted using FA sub-lethal concentration.<br />Following plantlet regeneration and acclimatization, the regenerated abaca<br />lines were grown in the glasshouse for testing against Foc using detached<br />leaf dual culture test. The objectives of this study were to (1) evaluate<br />growth inhibition of abaca EC and shoots by FA, (2) determine sub-lethal<br />concentration of FA, (3) identify FA insensitive variants of abaca somatic<br />embryos (SE) through in vitro selection followed by plantlet regeneration,<br />and (4) evaluate resistance of regenerated plantlets against Foc infection.<br />Results of the experiment showed FA inhibited abaca EC and shoots<br />growth while sub-lethal concentration of FA was 50 mg/l. Following in<br />vitro selection, 85 plantlets of Tangongon and 28 of Sangihe-1 were<br />regenerated from FA insensitive SE. The original Tangongon genotype<br />was very susceptible against Foc infection. Meanwhile, among three Foc<br />tested lines derived from Tangongon, two lines were considered resistant<br />and one was slightly susceptible. However, resistance against Foc of<br />variants derived from Sangihe-1 have not been evaluated in this<br />experiment due to the plantlets were not strong enough to be acclimatized.<br />Key words : Manila hemp, Musa textilis Nee., pest, Fusarium,<br />somaclonal variation, fungal toxin, East Jav


2020 ◽  
Vol 65 (9-10) ◽  
pp. 3-7
Author(s):  
V. V. Gostev ◽  
Yu. V. Sopova ◽  
O. S. Kalinogorskaya ◽  
M. E. Velizhanina ◽  
I. V. Lazareva ◽  
...  

Glycopeptides are the basis of the treatment of infections caused by MRSA (Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus). Previously, it was demonstrated that antibiotic tolerant phenotypes are formed during selection of resistance under the influence of high concentrations of antibiotics. The present study uses a similar in vitro selection model with vancomycin. Clinical isolates of MRSA belonging to genetic lines ST8 and ST239, as well as the MSSA (ATCC29213) strain, were included in the experiment. Test isolates were incubated for five hours in a medium with a high concentration of vancomycin (50 μg/ml). Test cultures were grown on the medium without antibiotic for 18 hours after each exposure. A total of ten exposure cycles were performed. Vancomycin was characterized by bacteriostatic action; the proportion of surviving cells after exposure was 70–100%. After selection, there was a slight increase in the MIC to vancomycin (MIC 2 μg/ml), teicoplanin (MIC 1.5–3 μg/ml) and daptomycin (MIC 0.25–2 μg/ml). According to the results of PAP analysis, all strains showed an increase in the area under curve depending on the concentration of vancomycin after selection, while a heteroresistant phenotype (with PAP/AUC 0.9) was detected in three isolates. All isolates showed walK mutations (T188S, D235N, E261V, V380I, and G223D). Exposure to short-term shock concentrations of vancomycin promotes the formation of heteroresistance in both MRSA and MSSA. Formation of VISA phenotypes is possible during therapy with vancomycin.


2002 ◽  
Vol 5 (6) ◽  
pp. 473-480
Author(s):  
Bentham Science Publisher A.N. Alexandrov ◽  
Bentham Science Publisher V.Yu. Alakhov ◽  
Bentham Science Publisher A.I. Miroshnikov

2000 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. 297-308 ◽  
Author(s):  
NAOZUMI TERAMOTO ◽  
YUKIO IMANISHI ◽  
YOSHIHIRO ITO

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