scholarly journals PENGGUNAAN ASAM FUSARAT DALAM SELEKSI IN VITRO UNTUK RESISTENSI ABAKA TERHADAP Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. cubense

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 64
Author(s):  
RULLY DYAH PURWATI ◽  
UNTUNG SETYO BUDI ◽  
SUDARSONO SUDARSONO
Keyword(s):  
Fusarium Oxysporum ◽  
In Vitro Selection ◽  
Fusaric Acid ◽  
Plantlet Regeneration ◽  
Lethal Concentration ◽  
Dual Culture ◽  
Musa Sp ◽  
Selective Agents ◽  
Selection Of

ABSTRAK<br />Penyakit layu Fusarium yang disebabkan oleh cendawan Fusarium<br />oxysporum Schlecht f.sp. cubense (E.F. Smith) Snyd &amp; Hans (Foc)<br />merupakan penyakit yang banyak menyerang tanaman Musa sp. (termasuk<br />abaka) dan dapat menurunkan produktivitas serat antara 20-65%. Salah<br />satu cara untuk mengatasi masalah tersebut adalah penggunaan klon abaka<br />yang resisten. Seleksi in vitro dengan menggunakan agens penyeleksi<br />asam fusarat (AF) merupakan metode yang efektif untuk memperoleh klon<br />abaka resisten terhadap infeksi Foc. Pengkulturan kalus embriogen dan<br />tunas abaka pada medium tunas (MT) yang mengandung berbagai<br />konsentrasi AF digunakan untuk mengetahui pengaruh daya hambat AF.<br />Konsentrasi sub-letal ditentukan sebagai konsentrasi yang paling tinggi<br />menghambat proliferasi kalus embriogen dan tunas abaka. Seleksi in vitro<br />untuk mengidentifikasi embrio somatik yang insensitif AF dilakukan<br />dengan konsentrasi sub-letal. Setelah regenerasi dan aklimatisasi plantlet,<br />klon abaka hasil regenerasi ditanam di rumah kaca untuk pengujian<br />ketahanan terhadap Foc menggunakan metode detached leaf dual culture.<br />Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk (1) mengevaluasi daya hambat pertumbuhan<br />kalus embriogen abaka, (2) mengetahui konsentrasi sub-letal AF, (3)<br />mengidentifikasi varian embrio somatik abaka yang insensitif AF melalui<br />seleksi in vitro yang dilanjutkan dengan regenerasi plantlet, dan (4)<br />mengevaluasi resistensi plantlet hasil regenerasi terhadap infeksi Foc.<br />Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa AF menghambat pertumbuhan kalus<br />embriogen dan tunas abaka, sedangkan konsentrasi sub-letal AF adalah 50<br />mg/l. Dari seleksi in vitro dihasilkan 85 plantlet klon Tangongon dan 28<br />plantlet klon Sangihe-1 yang diregenerasikan dari embrio somatik yang<br />insensitif AF. Genotipe asli Tangongon termasuk dalam kelompok sangat<br />rentan terhadap infeksi Foc, sedangkan dua dari tiga varian dari klon<br />Tangongon yang diuji menunjukkan resisten dan satu agak rentan. Pada<br />penelitian ini, pengujian resistensi terhadap infeksi Foc varian yang<br />berasal dari klon Sangihe-1 belum dapat dilakukan karena plantlet masih<br />terlalu kecil sehingga belum dapat diaklimatisasi.<br />Kata kunci: Abaka, Musa textilis Nee., penyakit, Fusarium, keragaman<br />somaklonal, toksin cendawan, Jawa Timur<br />ABSTRACT<br />The usage of fusaric acid (FA) in vitro selection of abaca<br />resistant to Fusarium Oxysporum f. sp. cubense<br />Wilt Fusarium disease caused by Fusarium oxysporum Schlecht<br />f.sp. cubense (E.F. Smith) Snyd &amp; Hans (Foc) is one of the major diseases<br />of Musa sp. including abaca, and it could decrease 20-65% fiber<br />productivity. One of the method to solve this problem is utilization of<br />abaca resistant clones. In vitro selection using fusaric acid (FA) as<br />selective agents is an effective method to produce abaca resistant clones to<br />Foc infection. Culturing abaca embriogenic calli (EC) and shoots on MT<br />medium containing various FA concentrations was used to determine FA<br />inhibition effects. Sub-lethal concentration was defined as one inhibiting &gt;<br />90% proliferation of abaca EC and shoots. In vitro selection to identify FA<br />insensitive SE was conducted using FA sub-lethal concentration.<br />Following plantlet regeneration and acclimatization, the regenerated abaca<br />lines were grown in the glasshouse for testing against Foc using detached<br />leaf dual culture test. The objectives of this study were to (1) evaluate<br />growth inhibition of abaca EC and shoots by FA, (2) determine sub-lethal<br />concentration of FA, (3) identify FA insensitive variants of abaca somatic<br />embryos (SE) through in vitro selection followed by plantlet regeneration,<br />and (4) evaluate resistance of regenerated plantlets against Foc infection.<br />Results of the experiment showed FA inhibited abaca EC and shoots<br />growth while sub-lethal concentration of FA was 50 mg/l. Following in<br />vitro selection, 85 plantlets of Tangongon and 28 of Sangihe-1 were<br />regenerated from FA insensitive SE. The original Tangongon genotype<br />was very susceptible against Foc infection. Meanwhile, among three Foc<br />tested lines derived from Tangongon, two lines were considered resistant<br />and one was slightly susceptible. However, resistance against Foc of<br />variants derived from Sangihe-1 have not been evaluated in this<br />experiment due to the plantlets were not strong enough to be acclimatized.<br />Key words : Manila hemp, Musa textilis Nee., pest, Fusarium,<br />somaclonal variation, fungal toxin, East Jav

In vitro selection of vanilla plants resistant to Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. vanillae

2019 ◽  
Vol 41 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Marco A. Ramírez-Mosqueda ◽  
Lourdes G. Iglesias-Andreu ◽  
Jaime A. Teixeira da Silva ◽  
Mauricio Luna-Rodríguez ◽  
Juan C. Noa-Carrazana ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fusarium Oxysporum ◽  
In Vitro Selection ◽  
Selection Of

scholarly journals In Vitro Selection of Abaca for Resistance to Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. cubense

2007 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 65-70 ◽  
Author(s):  
RULLY DYAH PURWATI ◽  
SAID HARRAN ◽  
SUDARSONO
Keyword(s):  
Fusarium Oxysporum ◽  
In Vitro Selection ◽  
Selection Of

scholarly journals PENEKANAN PERKEMBANGAN PENYAKIT BUSUK BATANG VANILI (FUSARIUM OXYSPORUM F.SP. VANILLAE) MELALUI SELEKSI ASAM FUSARAT SECARA IN VITRO

2012 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 12-22
Author(s):  
Endang Nurcahyani ◽  
Issirep Sumardi ◽  
Bambang Hadisutrisno ◽  
E. Suharyanto
Keyword(s):  
Fusarium Oxysporum ◽  
In Vitro Selection ◽  
Protein Profile ◽  
Fusaric Acid ◽  
Total Phenol Content ◽  
Vanilla Planifolia ◽  
Rot Disease ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Important Disease

The most biological constrain on Vanilla planifolia plantation recently was caused by epidemical disease that laterdecrease vanilla production. The most important disease on vanilla is foot rot disease caused by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp.vanillae. So far, the disease has not been successfully controlled although some experiments had been conducted. Onealternative method has been introduced by using a new cultivar which was resistance to Fusarium). A mutant vanilla to thefungus has been initiated by in vitro selection on medium containing fusaric acid. The aims of this research were: (1) to investigate effective concentration of fusaric acid used for in vitro selection, (2) to characterize mutants which have been set up and also to test those mutants for their resistance to the fungus. The results showed that: (1) fusaric acid at the concentration of 110 ppm effectively suppressed the disease intensity up to 25% compared to the concentration of 90 ppm and 100 ppm. In other words, 110 ppm of fusaric acid has increased the category criterion from moderate to resistant, (2) there was an increase of the total phenol content and thickness of lignin in vanilla stem, and (3) the protein profile of vanilla plantlet was different from the control. There was an initiation of a new band of about 18 kD in a mutant predicted as a protein which is responsible for vanilla resistance to Fusarium.

scholarly journals In Vitro Selection of Fusaric Acid-resistant Regenerants from Tomato Leaf Explant-derived Callus Tissues

1988 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 66-71 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hideyoshi TOYODA ◽  
Yoshinori MATSUDA ◽  
Kunihiko SHIMIZU ◽  
Hiroshi OGATA ◽  
Hisako HASHIMOTO ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
In Vitro Selection ◽  
Fusaric Acid ◽  
Tomato Leaf ◽  
Leaf Explant ◽  
Callus Tissues ◽  
Selection Of

scholarly journals IN VITRO SELECTION ON FUSARIC ACID OF Vanilla planifolia PLANTLETS FOR OBTAINING A CULTIVAR, WHICH RESISTANT TO Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. vanillae

2015 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 617 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Nurcahyani ◽  
E. Suharyanto ◽  
B. Hadisutrisno ◽  
I. Sumardi
Keyword(s):  
Fusarium Oxysporum ◽  
In Vitro Selection ◽  
Fusaric Acid ◽  
Vanilla Planifolia ◽  
Foot Rot ◽  
Steady Growth ◽  
Callus Initiation ◽  
Rot Disease ◽  
Shoot Tip Explants

<p>The most production constrain on Vanilla planifolia Andrews plantation recently has been caused by foot rot disease that later influence in decreasing the yield product. This disease is caused by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. vanillae (Fov). So far, the disease has not been successfully prohibited although some experiments had been conducted. The use of foot rot resistant cultivar has been introduced, which expected has high yield as one alternative method for controlling this disease. A resistant vanilla plantlet to Fov has been initiated by in vitro selection on MS medium containing fusaric acid (FA) on selective concentration. The purpose of research were to study and determine: 1) The proper combination of 2,4-D and NAA for callus initiation and shoot development from shoot tip explants, along with proper concentration of BAP for shoots initiation from nodal explants; 2) The FA concentration of plantlet selection tolerant to steady growth; 3) The proper concentration of FA for in vitro selection for suppressing the Fov. Results showed that: 1) the proper concentration of both combination between 2,4-D and NAA is about 2,0 mg/L and 10 mg/L respectively for callus initiation and shoot development from shoot tip explants; also the BA concentration is 1,0 mg/L for shoot initiation from a nodal explants; 2) the FA tolerant concentration for plantlet selection with vanilla steady growth is between 90 ppm-110 ppm; 3) the 110 ppm of FA was effective for suppressing the Fov compared to 90 ppm and 100 ppm respectively. </p><p><strong>Keywords</strong>: Vanilla planifolia Andrews, the vanilla foot rot disease, Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. vanillae, in vitro, fusaric acid</p>

scholarly journals Study on usability of Fusarium oxysporum Schlecht.f.sp. tulipae Apt. metabolites for screening for basal rot resistance in tulip

2013 ◽  
Vol 54 (1) ◽  
pp. 71-82 ◽  
Author(s):  
Małgorzata Podwyszyńska ◽  
Czesław Skrzypczak ◽  
Krzysztof Fatel ◽  
Lech Michalczuk
Keyword(s):  
Fusarium Oxysporum ◽  
Shoot Growth ◽  
Fusaric Acid ◽  
Resistance Breeding ◽  
Fungus Culture ◽  
Basal Rot ◽  
Culture Filtrates ◽  
Selection Of ◽  
Greenhouse Tests

The usefulness of fungus culture filtrates and fusaric acid as selecting agents for <i>Fusarium</i> resistance breeding in tulip was examined on <i>in vitro</i> cultures of shoots and embryonic calli of seven tulip genotypes differing in resistance to <i>Fusarium oxysporum</i> Schlecht. f. sp. <i>tulipae</i> Apt. (F.o.t.) and four virulent F.o.t. isolates. Fusaric acid influenced the shoot growth of all cultivars tested in a similar way, irrespectively of their greenhouse resistance to basal rot. Also, the sensitivity of calli of the cultivars studied to fusaric acid did not correspond with their resistance to F.o.t. evaluated in the greenhouse screening. The phytotoxity of F.o.t. culture filtrates did not depend on their fusaric acid contents. There was a negative correlation between cultivar's resistance to F.o.t in greenhouse tests and the sensitivity of their shoots to fungus culture filtrates in <i>in vitro</i> tests. This indicates that defence mechanism against F.o.t. in tulip tissue may have a nature of hypersensitive response. Considering the results of our study, it may be concluded that the use of fusaric acid or fungus culture filtrates for the <i>in vitro</i> selection of somaclones resistant to F.o.t. in tulip is not feasible.

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