scholarly journals Endangered lowland oak forest steppe remnants keep unique bird species richness in Central Hungary

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gábor Ónodi ◽  
Zoltán Botta-Dukát ◽  
Dániel Winkler ◽  
Tamás Rédei
Keyword(s):  
Species Richness ◽  
Hybrid Poplar ◽  
Bird Communities ◽  
Oak Forest ◽  
Native Forest ◽  
Pedunculate Oak ◽  
Forest Bird ◽  
Retention Forestry ◽  
Arable Fields ◽  
Forest Remnants

AbstractThe biodiversity of natural or semi-natural native, old oak woodlands have high conservation importance, especially in landscapes of monocultural forest plantations and arable fields. With a wider variety of microhabitats and foraging sources, such old oak forests can provide essential habitat for native forest bird communities. We conducted a study using bird point counts to compare the forest bird communities of old pedunculate oak (Quercus robur) remnants with native and non-native plantations in central Hungary in a landscape of mostly arable fields, settlements, and monocultural plantations. Avian surveys were carried out in old oak forest remnants, middle-aged oak, white poplar (Populus alba), hybrid poplar (Populus × euramericana), black locust (Robinia pseudoacacia), and pine (Pinus spp.) plantations. Fieldwork has been carried out in nine study sites, where all six habitat types were represented (with a few exceptions), to determine total abundance, species richness, Shannon–Wiener diversity, species evenness, dominant and indicator species, and guild abundances. We found that old oak forest remnants were the most diverse habitats among the studied forest types, while hybrid poplar and pine plantations exhibited the lowest avian biodiversity. The avian guilds most sensitive to the loss of old oak forest remnants were ground foragers, bark foragers, cavity-nesters, residents, and Mediterranean migratory birds. Native habitats were more diverse than non-native plantations. Our results suggest that it is important to conserve all remaining high biodiversity old oak stands and to avoid clear-cutting of monocultural plantations in favour of practices such as mixed-species plantations, longer rotation lengths, or retention forestry.

scholarly journals Edge effects in the avifaunal community of riparian rain-forest tracts in Tropical North Queensland

2016 ◽  
Vol 32 (4) ◽  
pp. 280-289 ◽  
Author(s):  
Montague H. C. Neate-Clegg ◽  
Emily C. Morshuis ◽  
Cristina Banks-Leite
Keyword(s):  
Species Richness ◽  
Community Composition ◽  
Edge Effects ◽  
Rain Forest ◽  
Forest Edge ◽  
Bird Communities ◽  
Forest Bird ◽  
Resource Distributions ◽  
Detection Frequency ◽  
Open Canopy

AbstractMost evidence suggests anthropogenic edges negatively affect rain-forest bird communities but little has been done to test this in Australasia. In this study, avifaunal detection frequency, species richness and community composition were compared between the edge and interior and between flat and more complex-shaped edges of riparian rain-forest tracts in Tropical North Queensland. The detection frequency and richness of guilds based on diet, foraging strata and habitat specialism were also compared. This study detected 15.1% more birds at the rain-forest edge compared with the interior but no difference in species richness. Edge shape had no effect on detection frequency or richness. Many guilds (subcanopy, closed forest, frugivorous and insectivorous species) experienced increased detection frequency at the edge relative to the interior, but for some guilds this response was reduced (habitat generalists) or reversed (understorey and mixed-flock species) along complex edges. Overall community composition was affected by edge distance but not by edge shape. Edge habitat was shorter and had more open canopy than the interior, supporting habitat-based explanations for the observed avifaunal edge effects. These results suggest generally positive edge effects in Australian rain-forest bird communities, possibly reflecting local resource distributions or a disturbance-tolerant species pool.

scholarly journals Long-term response of forest bird communities to retention forestry in northern temperate coniferous forests

2020 ◽  
Vol 462 ◽  
pp. 117982
Author(s):  
Karen Price ◽  
Kiri Daust ◽  
Erica Lilles ◽  
Anne-Marie Roberts
Keyword(s):  
Bird Communities ◽  
Coniferous Forests ◽  
Forest Bird ◽  
Retention Forestry ◽  
Term Response

scholarly journals Prevalence of Pox-Like Lesions and Malaria in Forest Bird Communities on Leeward Mauna Loa Volcano, Hawaii

The Condor ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 107 (3) ◽  
pp. 537-546 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carter T. Atkinson ◽  
Julie K. Lease ◽  
Robert J. Dusek ◽  
Michael D. Samuel
Keyword(s):  
Culex Quinquefasciatus ◽  
Native Species ◽  
Bird Communities ◽  
Forest Birds ◽  
Native Forest ◽  
Mosquito Vector ◽  
Mauna Loa ◽  
Forest Bird ◽  
Loxops Coccineus ◽  
Zosterops Japonicus

AbstractIntroduced avian pox virus and malaria have had devastating impacts on native Hawaiian forest birds, yet little has been published about their prevalence and distribution in forest bird communities outside of windward Hawaii Island. We surveyed native and non-native forest birds for these two diseases at three different elevations on leeward Mauna Loa Volcano at the Kona Forest Unit of Hakalau Forest National Wildlife Refuge. Prevalence of malaria by both serology and microscopy varied by elevation and ranged from 28% at 710 m to 13% at 1830 m. Prevalence of pox-like lesions also varied by altitude, ranging in native species from 10% at 710 m to 2% at 1830 m. Native species at all elevations had the highest prevalence of malarial antibody and pox-like lesions. By contrast, pox-like lesions were not detected in individuals of four non-native species and only 5% of Japanese White-eye (Zosterops japonicus) was positive for malaria. A significantly high proportion of birds with pox-like lesions also had serological evidence of concurrent, chronic malarial infections, suggesting an interaction between these diseases, dual transmission of both diseases by the primary mosquito vector (Culex quinquefasciatus) or complete recovery of some pox-infected birds without loss of toes. Results from this study document high prevalence of malaria and pox at this refuge. Development of effective disease control strategies will be important for restoration of remnant populations of the endangered ‘Akiapola‘au (Hemignathus munroi), Hawaii Creeper (Oreomystis mana), and Hawaii ‘Akepa (Loxops coccineus coccineus) that still occur on the refuge.Prevalencia de Lesiones del Tipo de la Viruela Aviar y Malaria en Comunidades de Aves de Bosque en el Volcán Leeward Mauna Loa, HawaiResumen. La malaria y la viruela aviar, ambas introducidas, han tenido un impacto devastador sobre las aves nativas de bosque, pero se ha publicado poco sobre su prevalencia y distribución en las comunidades fuera de la isla de Hawai. Muestreamos aves de bosque nativas y no nativas para determinar la presencia de estas dos enfermedades a diferentes elevaciones en el volcán Mauna Loa en la Unidad Forestal de Kona del Refugio de Fauna Silvestre del Bosque Nacional de Hakalau. La prevalencia de malaria determinada a través de serología y microscopía varió con la altitud entre un 28% a 710 m y un 13% a 1830 m. La prevalencia de lesiones del tipo de la viruela aviar también varió con la altitud, entre un 10% a 710 m y un 2% a 1839 m en especies nativas. Las especies nativas tuvieron la más alta prevalencia de anticuerpos contra malaria y lesiones del tipo de la viruela aviar. De modo contrastante, las lesiones del tipo de la viruela aviar no se detectaron en individuos de cuatro especies no nativas y sólo el 5% de los individuos de la especie Zosterops japonicus fue positivo para malaria. Una proporción significativamente alta de las aves con lesiones del tipo de la viruela aviar también presentaron evidencia serológica de infecciones crónicas de malaria simultáneas, sugiriendo una interacción entre estas dos enfermedades, transmisión dual de las enfermedades por el vector principal (el mosquito Culex quinquefasciatus) o recuperación completa en algunas aves infectadas con viruela aviar sin la pérdida de dedos. Los resultados de este estudio documentan altas prevalencias de malaria y viruela aviar en este refugio. El desarrollo de estrategias de control de estas enfermedades será importante para la restauración de las poblaciones remanentes de las especies en peligro Hemignathus munroi, Oreomystis mana, y Loxops coccineus coccineus que aún existen en el refugio.

scholarly journals Neotropical Forest Bird Communities: A Comparison of Species Richness and Composition at Local and Regional Scales

The Condor ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 109 (2) ◽  
pp. 237-255 ◽  
Author(s):  
John G. Blake
Keyword(s):  
Species Richness ◽  
Spatial Scales ◽  
Geographic Distance ◽  
Bird Communities ◽  
Individual Species ◽  
Lowland Forest ◽  
Forest Bird ◽  
Neotropical Forest ◽  
Region I ◽  
The Family

Abstract Species richness and composition of Neotropical forest bird communities vary spatially at both large and small scales, but previous comparisons based on 100 ha plots have not replicated plots within a region. I sampled birds in two 100 ha plots in lowland forest of eastern Ecuador to better understand how species richness and composition vary over smaller spatial scales. Birds were sampled in February and April of 2002–2005 (only in February in 2005). Plots were approximately 1.5 km apart in predominantly terra firme forest. A total of 319 species (285 and 281 per plot) from 43 families were represented in ~16 000 detections per plot; number of species and detections per sample averaged approximately 185 and 2300, respectively. Numbers of species and detections per family were strikingly similar in the two plots, but numbers of detections of individual species often differed, likely in response to differences in habitat between the two plots. Species richness and composition were similar in many respects to comparable data from Ecuador, Peru, and French Guiana, but differed from those of Panama. Differences were most pronounced at the species level, less at the genus level, and least when comparisons were based on families. Differences among sites in South America were correlated with geographic distance at the species and genus levels, but not at the family level. Results illustrate the value of replicated plots within a region for understanding how species richness and composition can vary at small spatial scales, and highlight the importance of beta diversity for determining overall patterns of regional diversity.

Density and Species Richness of Some Forest Bird Communities in South Sweden

Oikos ◽  
1979 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 392 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sven G. Nilsson
Keyword(s):  
Species Richness ◽  
Bird Communities ◽  
Forest Bird ◽  
South Sweden

scholarly journals Bird species richness in High-Andean forest fragments: habitat quality and topography matter

2020 ◽  
Vol 150 ◽  
Author(s):  
Constance Fastré ◽  
Diederik Strubbe ◽  
José A. Balderrama ◽  
Jennifer R.A. Cahill ◽  
Hannes Ledegen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Species Richness ◽  
Habitat Quality ◽  
Bird Species ◽  
Bird Communities ◽  
Forest Fragments ◽  
Bird Species Richness ◽  
Species Of Conservation Concern ◽  
Forest Remnants ◽  
Exotic Plantations ◽  
Conservation Concern

Montane forests worldwide are known centers of endemism and biodiversity but are highly threatened by fragmentation processes. Using data collected in 15 Polylepis forest remnants covering 2000 hectares, we investigated how bird species richness and bird community composition, particularly for species of conservation concern, are influenced by habitat quality and topography in the Tunari National Park in the High Andes of Bolivia. Bird species richness was highest in topographically complex, low-elevation Polylepis patches located in areas with a high potential to retain rainwater. Bird communities differed strongly between Polylepis lanata and P. subtusalbida remnants, each supporting different threatened and endemic species. Within the P. subtusalbida forest, high-elevation fragments characterized by high amounts of sunlight and low anthropogenic disturbance were more likely to contain threatened species. Surprisingly, we found no effect of fragment size on the diversity or composition of bird communities or the presence of bird species of conservation concern. The presence of exotic plantations (Pinus and/or Eucalyptus spp.) in or outside forest remnants was negatively associated with the number of bird species as well as with occurrence of the endangered Cochabamba-mountain finch (Compsospiza garleppi). To support the different communities found in Polylepis forests, these results suggest that conservation efforts should be directed towards both forest types (P. subtusalbida and P. lanata) present in the area. For an efficient management of avian diversity, exotic plantations should be established away from native remnants while existing patches should be managed to maintain or increase habitat quality. Finally, the importance of local topography in determining avian species richness and community composition in forest fragments, mainly through topographic controls on moisture distribution and the amount of sunlight received by the fragments, should be considered when planning conservation and reforestation schemes.

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