Conflict-related dorsomedial frontal cortex activation during healthy food decisions is associated with increased cravings for high-fat foods

2017 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 685-696 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ryan Smith ◽  
Anna Alkozei ◽  
William D. S. Killgore
Keyword(s):  
Frontal Cortex ◽  
Healthy Food ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Dorsomedial Frontal Cortex ◽  
Food Decisions

scholarly journals Strawberry Intake Ameliorates Oxidative Stress and Decreases GABA Levels Induced by High-Fat Diet in Frontal Cortex of Rats

Antioxidants ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 70 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cuauhtémoc Sandoval-Salazar ◽  
Cecilia Oviedo-Solís ◽  
Edmundo Lozoya-Gloria ◽  
Herlinda Aguilar-Zavala ◽  
Martha Solís-Ortiz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Lipid Peroxidation ◽  
Oxidative Damage ◽  
Frontal Cortex ◽  
Protein Oxidation ◽  
High Fat Diet ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Gaba Concentration ◽  
Obese Rats ◽  
Lipid And Protein Oxidation

It has been proposed that there is a correlation between high-fat diet (HFD), oxidative stress and decreased γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) levels, but this has not been thoroughly demonstrated. In the present study, we determined the effects of strawberry extract intake on the oxidative stress and GABA levels in the frontal cortex (FC) of obese rats. We observed that an HFD increased lipid and protein oxidation, and decreased GABA levels. Moreover, UV-irradiated strawberry extract (UViSE) decreased lipid peroxidation but not protein oxidation, whereas non-irradiated strawberry extract (NSE) reduced protein oxidation but not lipid peroxidation. Interestingly, NSE increased GABA concentration, whereas UViSE was not as effective. In conclusion, our results suggest that an HFD increases oxidative damage in the FC, whereas strawberry extract intake may ameliorate the disturbances associated with HFD-induced oxidative damage.

scholarly journals Hierarchical reasoning by neural circuits in the frontal cortex

Science ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 364 (6441) ◽  
pp. eaav8911 ◽  
Author(s):  
Morteza Sarafyazd ◽  
Mehrdad Jazayeri
Keyword(s):  
Frontal Cortex ◽  
Neural Circuits ◽  
Anterior Cingulate ◽  
Cortical Circuits ◽  
Neural Basis ◽  
Stimulus Response ◽  
Response Contingency ◽  
Dorsomedial Frontal Cortex ◽  
Reasoning Strategy ◽  
Additional Perturbation

Humans process information hierarchically. In the presence of hierarchies, sources of failures are ambiguous. Humans resolve this ambiguity by assessing their confidence after one or more attempts. To understand the neural basis of this reasoning strategy, we recorded from dorsomedial frontal cortex (DMFC) and anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) of monkeys in a task in which negative outcomes were caused either by misjudging the stimulus or by a covert switch between two stimulus-response contingency rules. We found that both areas harbored a representation of evidence supporting a rule switch. Additional perturbation experiments revealed that ACC functioned downstream of DMFC and was directly and specifically involved in inferring covert rule switches. These results‏ reveal the computational principles of hierarchical reasoning, as implemented by cortical circuits.

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