Adverse drug reactions in SARS-COV-2 hospitalised patients: a case series with a focus on drug–drug interactions—comment

AbstractDue to the need of early and emergency effective treatments for COVID-19, less attention may have been paid to their safety during the global emergency. In addition, characteristics of drug–drug interaction (DDI)-related adverse drug reactions (ADRs) in COVID-19 patients have not yet been studied in depth. The aim of the present case-series study is to describe clinical and pharmacological characteristics of SARS-CoV-2 hospitalised patients, focusing on ADRs, particularly those related to DDIs. We evaluated all reports of COVID-19 medication-related ADRs collected within the COVID-19 Units of Careggi University Hospital, Florence (Italy), between January 1st and 31st May 2020. Information regarding COVID-19 medications, patients’ demographic and clinical characteristics, concomitant drugs, ADRs description and outcome, were collected. Each case was evaluated for the causality assessment and to identify the presence of DDIs. During the study period, 23 Caucasian patients (56.5% males, mean age 76.1 years) experienced one or more ADRs. The majority of them were exposed to polypharmacy and 17.4% presented comorbidities. ADRs were referred to cardiovascular, psychiatric and gastrointestinal disorders. The most frequently reported preferred term was QT prolongation (mean QT interval 496.1 ms). ADRs improved or resolved completely in 60.8% of cases. For all patients, a case-by-case evaluation revealed the presence of one or more DDIs, especially those related to pharmacokinetic interactions. Despite the small number of patients, our evidence underline the clinical burden of DDIs in SARS-CoV-2 hospitalised patients and the risk of unexpected and uncommon psychiatric ADRs.

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Adverse drug reactions in SARS-CoV-2 inpatients: a case-series with a focus on drug-drug interactions

10.22541/au.159863560.01026689 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Giada Crescioli ◽

Valentina Brilli ◽

Cecilia Lanzi ◽

Andrea Burgalassi ◽

Alessandra Ieri ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Drug Interactions ◽

Adverse Drug Reactions ◽

Case Series ◽

Drug Reactions

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Biology of Heme: Drug Interactions and Adverse Drug Reactions with CYP450

Current Topics in Medicinal Chemistry ◽

10.2174/1568026619666181129124638 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 18 (23) ◽

pp. 2042-2055 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Neeraj Kumar ◽

Heerak Chugh ◽

Damini Sood ◽

Snigdha Singh ◽

Aarushi Singh ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cytochrome P450 ◽

Drug Metabolism ◽

Drug Interactions ◽

Adverse Drug Reactions ◽

Genetic Defects ◽

Drug Reactions ◽

Detailed Structure ◽

Synthesis And Degradation ◽

Porphyrin Rings

Heme is central to functions of many biologically important enzymes (hemoproteins). It is an assembly of four porphyrin rings joined through methylene bridges with a central Fe (II). Heme is present in all cells, and its synthesis and degradation balance its amount in the cell. The deregulations of heme networks and incorporation in hemoproteins lead to pathogenic state. This article addresses the detailed structure, biosynthesis, degradation, and transportation associated afflictions to heme. The article is followed by its roles in various diseased conditions where it is produced mainly as the cause of increased hemolysis. It manifests the symptoms in diseases as it is a pro-oxidant, pro-inflammatory and pro-hemolytic agent. We have also discussed the genetic defects that tampered with the biosynthesis, degradation, and transportation of heme. In addition, a brief about the largest hemoprotein group of enzymes- Cytochrome P450 (CYP450) has been discussed with its roles in drug metabolism.

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Adverse drug reactions & drug interactions in MDR-TB patients

Indian Journal of Tuberculosis ◽

10.1016/j.ijtb.2020.09.027 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 67 (4) ◽

pp. S69-S78

Author(s):

Amitesh Gupta ◽

Vikas Kumar ◽

Sekar Natarajan ◽

Rupak Singla

Keyword(s):

Drug Interactions ◽

Adverse Drug Reactions ◽

Drug Reactions ◽

Mdr Tb

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Parkinsonism caused by adverse drug reactions: a case series

Journal of Medical Case Reports ◽

10.1186/1752-1947-5-105 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 5 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Solomon O Ugoya ◽

Emmanuel I Agaba ◽

Comfort A Daniyam

Keyword(s):

Adverse Drug Reactions ◽

Case Series ◽

Drug Reactions

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Analysis of the direct cost of adverse drug reactions in hospitalised patients

European Journal of Clinical Pharmacology ◽

10.1007/s002280000260 ◽

2001 ◽

Vol 56 (12) ◽

pp. 935-941 ◽

Cited By ~ 89

Author(s):

R. Bordet ◽

S. Gautier ◽

H. Le Louet ◽

B. Dupuis ◽

J. Caron

Keyword(s):

Direct Cost ◽

Adverse Drug Reactions ◽

Drug Reactions ◽

Hospitalised Patients

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Importance of cytochrome P450 (CYP450) in adverse drug reactions due to drug–drug interactions: a PharmacoVigilance study in France

European Journal of Clinical Pharmacology ◽

10.1007/s00228-012-1394-3 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 69 (4) ◽

pp. 885-888 ◽

Cited By ~ 17

Author(s):

Anne Charlotte Danton ◽

François Montastruc ◽

Agnès Sommet ◽

Geneviève Durrieu ◽

Haleh Bagheri ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cytochrome P450 ◽

Drug Interactions ◽

Adverse Drug Reactions ◽

Drug Reactions

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Drug-Drug-Dietary interactions in pharmacotherapy of GIT medication: A review

International Journal of Research in Pharmaceutical Sciences ◽

10.26452/ijrps.v11ispl4.4579 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 11 (SPL4) ◽

pp. 2903-2909

Author(s):

Akula sowjanya ◽

Abhisek Pal

Keyword(s):

Drug Therapy ◽

Drug Interactions ◽

Food Consumption ◽

Adverse Drug Reactions ◽

Drug Effect ◽

Google Scholar ◽

Drug Reactions ◽

Common Drug ◽

Different Types ◽

Dietary Interactions

Successful drug therapy depends on the interaction between drug-drug and drug-diet. Drug interactions are a vital reason for causing adverse drug reactions and modify one drug effect by another drug and these kinds of interactions can increase or decrease the effectiveness of the drug. Polypharmacy could be a major risk for Drug-Drug and Drug-food interactions. Food Consumption can alter the effect of drugs by interfering either with their pharmacokinetics or pharmacodynamics processes. Anti-ulcer drugs are used to treat different types of ulcer and that may interact with another drug showing undesirable effects. GIT medications interfere with another type of medication either with at the pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic level. The main objective of this article is to review data regarding common Drug-drug & Drug-food interactions related to GIT medications. Data was collected from Google Scholar, PubMed, and Scopus databases, and they were reviewed for publication on drug-drug & drug-food interactions related to GIT medications. This data is very helpful for pharmacists while reviewing and analyzing prescribed medication, especially in geriatrics prescriptions.

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