Laundry Detergency of Solid Non-particulate Soil or Waxy Solids: Part I. Relation to Oily Soil Removal Above the Melting Point

2017 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 815-830 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jarussri Chanwattanakit ◽  
John F. Scamehorn ◽  
David A. Sabatini ◽  
Sumaeth Chavadej
Keyword(s):  
Melting Point ◽  
Soil Removal ◽  
Oily Soil ◽  
Particulate Soil

Limitations in Studying the Kinetics of Fabric Detergency

1976 ◽  
Vol 46 (6) ◽  
pp. 459-462 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hans Schott
Keyword(s):  
Rate Constants ◽  
Soil Removal ◽  
Removal Rate ◽  
Fiber Surface ◽  
Natural Soil ◽  
Residual Soil ◽  
Washing Process ◽  
Two Factors ◽  
Surface Irregularities ◽  
Particulate Soil

The simplest expressions for the rate of removal of particulate soil from fabrics, including those for first-order kinetics, are described. Two factors militate against obtaining proportionality constants between a time function and a residual soil function which remain constant for long washing times, namely: redeposition, and heterogeneities in soil and fabric. Soil redeposition tends to lower the observed soil-removal rate. This effect can be eliminated by suitable experimental procedures. However, the inhomogeneities inherent in fabrics (fiber surface irregularities, variation in spaces between fibers and yarns) cause them to have sorption sites with a broad range of soil binding strengths. Variations in the size and shape of particles on artificial test fabrics and, for natural soil, in chemical composition as well, cause the particles to adhere to fabric substrates with bonds of different strengths. These heterogeneities produce a broad range of specific soil-removal rates whose values depend on the energies of adhesion of the particle-fabric complex. The most loosely held soil, with the highest removal rate constants, is washed off early so that the soil remaining on the fabric becomes progressively richer in the most tightly bound soil, with the smallest removal rate constants. Hence the average or observed rate constant for soil removal decreases during the washing process.

Particulate Soil Removal in Multiple Bath Systems

1965 ◽  
Vol 35 (5) ◽  
pp. 474-476 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brant A. Short
Keyword(s):  
Soil Removal ◽  
Particulate Soil

Oily Soil Detergency under Microemulsion Conditions: Effects of Oil Loading and Surfactant Adsorption

2008 ◽  
Vol 55-57 ◽  
pp. 929-932 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Kaewpukpa ◽  
Sumaeth Chavadej ◽  
J.F. Scamehorn
Keyword(s):  
Soil Removal ◽  
Secondary Alcohol ◽  
Alcohol Ethoxylate ◽  
Mixed Surfactants ◽  
Surfactant Adsorption ◽  
Oil Removal ◽  
Oily Soil ◽  
Detergency Performance ◽  
Detachment Time ◽  
Fabric Weight

Detergency process of oily soil removal from fabrics is of interest and the mechanisms of oily soil removal are very complicated involving several factors: interfacial tension, oil loading and surfactant adsorption. In this study, the effects of oil loading and the surfactant adsorption on the detergency performance of oily soil removal were investigated. Mixed surfactant systems of branched alcohol propoxylate sulfate sodium salt (Alfoterra 145-3PO), an extended anionic surfactant, and secondary alcohol ethoxylate (Tergitol 15-S-5), a nonionic surfactant, were used to form microemulsions with motor oil. The CMC and CµC values of the mixed surfactants were 0.015 and 0.04 % total active mixed surfactants concentration, respectively. A polyester/cotton blend [65/35] was selected to use as a testing fabric in detergency experiments. The results showed that the oil loading and fabric weight did not affect the efficiency of oil removal. Furthermore, with the selected formulation (0.1 wt.% Alfoterra 145-3PO and 5 wt.% Tergitol 15-S-5), the oil detachment time was investigated at different temperatures (30-50°C) and different total surfactant concentrations (0.04-0.5 %). The results showed that increasing temperature and surfactant concentration were found to decrease the oil detachment time, leading to increasing oil removal.

Mechanistic Studies of Particulate Soil Detergency: II: Hydrophilic Soil Removal

2012 ◽  
Vol 15 (6) ◽  
pp. 663-677 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sureeporn Rojvoranun ◽  
Sumaeth Chavadej ◽  
John F. Scamehorn ◽  
David A. Sabatini
Keyword(s):  
Soil Removal ◽  
Mechanistic Studies ◽  
Particulate Soil

Applying Differential Scanning Calorimetry to Detergency Studies of Oily Soil

1992 ◽  
Vol 62 (2) ◽  
pp. 101-104 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mamiko Yatagai ◽  
Motoko Komaki ◽  
Toshimasa Hashimoto
Keyword(s):  
Differential Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
Filter Paper ◽  
Soil Removal ◽  
Fibrous Materials ◽  
Oily Soil ◽  
Melting Points ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
Dsc Measurements ◽  
Peak Areas ◽  
Polymorphic Forms

Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) has been applied to studies of oily soil removal from fibrous materials. Fabric and filter paper were soiled with various oily substances present in sebum. After washing, the fibrous samples were subjected to DSC measurements. The residual oily soils on the samples were analyzed by the melting peak areas of the DSC heating curves, a method that is widely applicable to various oily substances with different melting points and polymorphic forms. Various woven or nonwoven fibrous samples can be scanned, regardless of sample size in washing experiments.

Mechanistic Studies of Particulate Soil Detergency: I. Hydrophobic Soil Removal

2011 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 277-289 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sureeporn Rojvoranun ◽  
Chairat Chadavipoo ◽  
Wikanda Pengjun ◽  
Sumaeth Chavadej ◽  
John F. Scamehorn ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Removal ◽  
Mechanistic Studies ◽  
Particulate Soil
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