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2022 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. e003368
Author(s):  
Marilin S Koch ◽  
Mykola Zdioruk ◽  
Michal O Nowicki ◽  
Alec M Griffith ◽  
Estuardo Aguilar ◽  
...  

BackgroundIntratumoral viral oncolytic immunotherapy is a promising new approach for the treatment of a variety of solid cancers. CAN-2409 is a replication-deficient adenovirus that delivers herpes simplex virus thymidine kinase to cancer cells, resulting in local conversion of ganciclovir or valacyclovir into a toxic metabolite. This leads to highly immunogenic cell death, followed by a local immune response against a variety of cancer neoantigens and, next, a systemic immune response against the injected tumor and uninjected distant metastases. CAN-2409 treatment has shown promising results in clinical studies in glioblastoma (GBM). Patients with GBM are usually given the corticosteroid dexamethasone to manage edema. Previous work has suggested that concurrent dexamethasone therapy may have a negative effect in patients treated with immune checkpoint inhibitors in patients with GBM. However, the effects of dexamethasone on the efficacy of CAN-2409 treatment have not been explored.MethodsIn vitro experiments included cell viability and neurosphere T-cell killing assays. Effects of dexamethasone on CAN-2409 in vivo were examined using a syngeneic murine GBM model; survival was assessed according to Kaplan-Meier; analyses of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes were performed with mass cytometry (CyTOF - cytometry by time-of-flight). Data were analyzed using a general linear model, with one-way analysis of variance followed by Dunnett’s multiple comparison test, Kruskal-Wallis test, Dunn’s multiple comparison test or statistical significance analysis of microarrays.ResultsIn a mouse model of GBM, we found that high doses of dexamethasone combined with CAN-2409 led to significantly reduced median survival (29.0 days) compared with CAN-2409 treatment alone (39.5 days). CyTOF analyses of tumor-infiltrating immune cells demonstrated potent immune stimulation induced by CAN-2409 treatment. These effects were diminished when high-dose dexamethasone was used. Functional immune cell characterization suggested increased immune cell exhaustion and tumor promoting profiles after dexamethasone treatment.ConclusionOur data suggest that concurrent high-dose dexamethasone treatment may impair the efficacy of oncolytic viral immunotherapy of GBM, supporting the notion that dexamethasone use should be balanced between symptom control and impact on the therapeutic outcome.


2021 ◽  
Vol 58 (2) ◽  
pp. 169-185
Author(s):  
I. J. David ◽  
M. U. Adehi ◽  
P. O. Ikwuoche

Summary A study was made of the prevalence of nine geohelminth egg types in 184 soil samples from 16 recreational parks in Abuja metropolis, Nigeria. Cochran’s Q-test was applied to determine whether the difference in the proportions of the egg types found in the soil samples was significant. At a 5% significance level, it was found that the prevalence of the egg types was significantly different in the 184 soil samples from 16 parks. To identify which of the geohelminth eggs had a significantly larger mean proportional prevalence, a minimum required difference mean comparison technique was applied. The mean comparison test showed that Taenia and Coccocidia eggs were highly prevalent, with significantly larger mean proportions than the other analyzed geohelminth eggs in the 184 examined soil samples.


2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 7-18
Author(s):  
Dedy Mulyadi ◽  
Diana Nur Windasari

Currently, the selection of students with the best memorization is carried out based on estimates or assumptions that students who are selected with the best memorization have met the predetermined criteria. The objectives of this research are: to get the priority of students' assessment based on the best memorization, to get an effective process in selecting students with the best memorization, to develop applications which are then measured for accuracy. The results of the level of accuracy from this research are: the level of accuracy according to users before application development is very inaccurate, the level of accuracy according to users after application development is very accurate, the level of accuracy according to experts or system experts before application development is very inaccurate accurate, the level of accuracy according to system experts after application development is very accurate. Meanwhile, the comparison test results obtained: there is a significant difference in the accuracy of the system of applying the Simple Additive Weighting (SAW) method to determine the students with the best memorization, according to users between before and after system development, and there is no difference in the accuracy of the system of applying the Simple Additive Weighting (SAW) method to determine the students with the best memorization, according to experts or system experts between before and after system development.


2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. e71-e71
Author(s):  
Anamika Abraham ◽  
Deshraj Jain ◽  
Alka Gupta ◽  
J A Chakera

Introduction: This study was conducted to assess the impact of nanosecond and femtosecond lasers on shear bond strength at the zirconia - veneering ceramic juncture. Materials and Methods: The first 60 samples of partially sintered zirconia cylindrical discs measuring 7 mm diameter and 4 mm height were milled and sintered. Then they were randomly divided into three groups namely group C (control, n=10), group N (Nd: YAG laser, n=10), and group T (Ti: sapphire laser n=40) which was further divided based on the duration of laser irradiation, into 4 subgroups (n=10 each) which were 30 seconds, 1 minute, 2 minutes and 3 minutes. Surface treatment was done on sintered zirconia discs based on the group. Following the treatment, the discs were ultrasonically cleaned followed by liner application (IPS Emax Zirliner, Ivoclar-Vivadent) and veneer ceramic layering (IPS e.max Ceram, Ivoclar-Vivadent) of 1.5 mm height. Each sample underwent shear stress in the universal test machine on the mounting jig, and bond strength was evaluated. Data were assessed using ANOVA followed by Tukey’s post hoc multiple comparison analyses. Results: According to one-way ANOVA, there was a significant difference in shear bond strength between the groups. Tukey’s post hoc pair wise comparison test showed a significant difference (P value=0.001) in shear bond strength of all pairs except group C and group N. The results of repeated measures, ANOVA (related and dependent groups) and Tukey’s multiple pair wise comparison test showed that there was a significant difference (P value=0.001) in shear bond strength at 30 seconds and all other groups. Conclusion: Ti: sapphire laser irradiation for 30 seconds can be used as potential surface treatment to increase shear bond strength at the zirconia-veneering ceramic juncture.


2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Siân Lowri Griffiths ◽  
Samuel P. Leighton ◽  
Pavan Kumar Mallikarjun ◽  
Georgina Blake ◽  
Linda Everard ◽  
...  

AbstractEarly psychosis is characterised by heterogeneity in illness trajectories, where outcomes remain poor for many. Understanding psychosis symptoms and their relation to illness outcomes, from a novel network perspective, may help to delineate psychopathology within early psychosis and identify pivotal targets for intervention. Using network modelling in first episode psychosis (FEP), this study aimed to identify: (a) key central and bridge symptoms most influential in symptom networks, and (b) examine the structure and stability of the networks at baseline and 12-month follow-up. Data on 1027 participants with FEP were taken from the National EDEN longitudinal study and used to create regularised partial correlation networks using the ‘EBICglasso’ algorithm for positive, negative, and depressive symptoms at baseline and at 12-months. Centrality and bridge estimations were computed using a permutation-based network comparison test. Depression featured as a central symptom in both the baseline and 12-month networks. Conceptual disorganisation, stereotyped thinking, along with hallucinations and suspiciousness featured as key bridge symptoms across the networks. The network comparison test revealed that the strength and bridge centralities did not differ significantly between the two networks (C = 0.096153; p = 0.22297). However, the network structure and connectedness differed significantly from baseline to follow-up (M = 0.16405, p = <0.0001; S = 0.74536, p = 0.02), with several associations between psychosis and depressive items differing significantly by 12 months. Depressive symptoms, in addition to symptoms of thought disturbance (e.g. conceptual disorganisation and stereotyped thinking), may be examples of important, under-recognized treatment targets in early psychosis, which may have the potential to lead to global symptom improvements and better recovery.


Author(s):  
Sudibyo Dwi Saputro ◽  
Arif Fahmi ◽  
I Wayan Ari Makmur ◽  
Nurul Qomariyah

ABSTRAKDosis radiasi Sinar-X pada pemeriksaan radiologi dihitung berdasarkan dosis permukaan kulit yang diterima pasien. Hal tersebut dilakukan sebagai evaluasi terhadap pemberian dosis radiasi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengembangkan sistem aplikasi berbasis web dalam menghitung estimasi dosis radiasi permukaan kulit pasien yang diberi nama AHD Rad. Metode penelitian dilakukan dengan desain rancangan pengembangan, dan pengambilan data berupa nilai faktor eksposi. Dilakukan uji komparasi dosis radiasi antara AHD Rad dan software CALDose_X versi 5.0. Perhitungan dosis radiasi pada AHD Rad menggunakan pendekatan matematis dan fisika merujuk kepada Technical Report Series International Atomic Energy Agency (TRS IAEA) 457 tahun 2007. Data nilai faktor eksposi dengan parameter tegangan tabung (kV), arus tabung (mAs) dan jarak tabung ke film (FFD) yang sama, di masukkan melalui aplikasi CALDose_X versi 5.0 dan AHD Rad. Jumlah data sebanyak 50 dengan pengambilan data secara random sampling pada pemeriksaan radiografi umum. Pengolahan data menggunaan SPSS 11. Uji komparasi dilakukan dengan margin error 5 % dengan tingkat kepercayaan 95 %. Hasil menunjukkan nilai tidak terdapat perbedaan signifikan pada uji komparasi yang dilakukan pada aplikasi AHD Rad dengan CALDose_X versi 5.0. Sehingga aplikasi AHD Rad dapat dipergunakan dalam estimasi dosis radiasi pasien. .Kata kunci: Dosimetri; Dosis Radiasi Permukaan Kulit; AHD Rad ABSTRACTX-ray radiation dose in a radiological examination is calculated based on the skin surface dose received by the patient. This is done as an evaluation of the radiation dose. This study aims to develop a web-based application system for calculating the estimated dose of radiation to the patient's skin surface, which is named AHD Rad. The research method was carried out with a development design and data collection in exposure factor values. A comparative test of radiation dose was conducted between AHD Rad and CALDose_X software version 5.0. Calculation of radiation dose on AHD Rad using mathematical and physical approaches refers to the Technical Report Series International Atomic Energy Agency (TRS IAEA) 457 in 2007. Exposure factor value data with tube voltage parameters (kV), tube current (mAs), and tube distance to film (FFD), entered through the CALDose_X application version 5.0 and AHD Rad. The number of data is 50 by taking data by random sampling on general radiographic examination. Data processing using SPSS 11. The comparison test was carried out with a margin of error of 5% with a 95% confidence level. The results show no significant difference in the comparison test carried out on the AHD Rad application with CALDose_X version 5.0 so that the AHD Rad application can be used to estimate the patient's radiation dose. Keywords: Dosimetry; Skin Surface Radiation Dose; AHD Rad.


2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chiyoung Lee ◽  
Xiao Hu

Abstract This cross-sectional study investigated the sex differences in depressive symptom networks among community-dwelling older adults in Korea. The analysis was based on the 2019 Korean Community Health Survey data targeting older adults aged 65 years or older. Using network analysis, depressive symptom networks were constructed according to the items listed in the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 for propensity score-matched male (n = 1,885) and female groups (n = 2,848). Strength centrality and network stability were tested. A network comparison test was performed to compare the global strength, network structure, and specific edge strength between the networks. Symptoms central to the network were similar between sexes, which were suicidal ideation, hopelessness, and psychomotor retardation/agitation. However, the global structure (S = 0.67, p = .008) and network structure (M = 0.11, p = .043) differed between sexes. The female symptom network showed more strengthened edges (Smale = 2.00; Sfemale = 2.66). Particularly, four edges—loss of interest–hopelessness (E = 0.09, p = .016), sleep disturbance–low energy/fatigue (E = 0.11, p = .005), loss of interest–concentration difficulty (E = 0.05, p = .047), and worthlessness–concentration difficulty (E = 0.08, p = .045)—were more pronounced in the female network. Our results may help guide future research and clinical interventions for female depression.


2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S780-S781
Author(s):  
Wajih Askar ◽  
Manuel G Feria ◽  
Shinsmon Jose ◽  
Rajat Madan ◽  
Moises A Huaman

Abstract Background Leptin is an adipose tissue-derived cytokine that plays a role in energy regulation and immune functions. High leptin levels and obesity have been associated with decreased risk of developing active TB. We aimed to characterize the association between body mass index (BMI) and leptin levels in patients at different stages of tuberculosis (TB). Methods Data from a cross-sectional cardiovascular risk study of 40 to 70 years old individuals enrolled in Lima, Peru, and Cincinnati, US, were analyzed. Four categories based on TB and treatment status were defined: no TB infection (QuantiFERON-TB test negative; n= 31), latent TB infection (LTBI; QuantiFERON-TB test positive; n= 43), active TB on treatment (in the continuation TB treatment phase; n= 30), and post-TB (within one year of TB treatment completion; n=16). BMI and plasma leptin levels were compared among the four groups using the Kruskal-Wallis test, followed by Dunn’s multiple comparison test if differences were found in the Kruskal-Wallis test. Multivariate ordered logistic regression models were used to assess factors associated with leptin levels, adjusted for potential confounders. Results The median age was 53 years, and 51% were female. BMI was different between study groups (p&lt; 0.01), with LTBI individuals having the highest BMI compared to other groups; see Figure 1A. Leptin levels were marginally low in the group with active TB on treatment, but no significant differences were found between groups (p=0.44; see Figure 1B). In multivariate analysis, leptin was associated with female sex (OR 23, 95%CI, 9-58), BMI (OR, 1.5, 95%CI, 1.2-1.7), and coronary plaque ≥25% stenosis (OR, 0.29, 95%CI, 0.08-0.99). Body mass index (BMI) and plasma leptin levels in participants with negative QuantiFERON-TB test (QFN-), latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI), active tuberculosis on treatment (ATBT), and post-TB treatment (TB-treated). Significance was determined using the Kruskal-Wallis test, followed by Dunn’s multiple comparison test if the Kruskal- Wallis test p-value was &lt;0.05. Conclusion LTBI individuals had a higher BMI compared to persons with active TB on treatment and post-TB. Higher leptin levels were associated with higher BMI, but we found no association between leptin and TB status in our cohort. Disclosures All Authors: No reported disclosures


2021 ◽  
Vol 99 (Supplement_3) ◽  
pp. 61-62
Author(s):  
Amanda N Dainton ◽  
Markus F Miller ◽  
Brittany White ◽  
Leah K Lambrakis ◽  
Charles G Aldrich

Abstract Despite numerous process modifications, thiamine retention of canned cat food has not improved. Yeasts possess a binding protein which may provide a thiamine form able to withstand retort processing. Therefore, the objective was to evaluate dried yeasts as thiamine sources in canned cat food. Treatments were arranged as a 2x4 factorial with 2 levels of vitamin premix (with or without) and 4 sources of yeast (none (NY), LBV, BY, or EA). Inclusion of LBV matched the thiamine contribution from the vitamin premix and BY and EA were capped at 5%. Three replicates were processed in a horizontal still retort to an average total F0 of 79.23 minutes. Thiamine degradation was calculated as the difference between pre- and post-retort thiamine contents. Data were analyzed as a randomized complete block design with pre-retort thiamine content as a covariate and production day as a random effect. The Fisher’s LSD post hoc comparison test was performed with ⍺ = 0.05. On average, experimental formulas retained 33.75% thiamine. Thiamine degradation was not affected by the inclusion of vitamin premix (P = 0.0670), but was affected by the inclusion of yeast (P = 0.0232) and the interaction between vitamin premix and yeast (P = 0.0002). Thiamine loss between NY (-31.3 mg/kg DM) and BY (-33.8 mg/kg DM) were similar (P &gt; 0.05) whereas EA (-40.5 mg/kg DM) and LBV (-55.6 mg/kg DM) lost more (P &lt; 0.05) thiamine than NY. The treatment of EA with vitamin premix (-70.3 mg/kg DM) lost more (P &lt; 0.05) thiamine than no yeast, BY, or EA without vitamin premix (average -17.4 mg/kg DM) and all others (average -57.3 mg/kg DM) were intermediate (P &gt; 0.05). Inclusion of vitamin premix with yeast did not minimize thiamine loss and BY exhibited similar thiamine degradation as intrinsic thiamine in standard ingredients.


2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Joseph Agyapong Mensah ◽  
Louis Asiedu ◽  
Felix O. Mettle ◽  
Samuel Iddi

Many architectures of face recognition modules have been developed to tackle the challenges posed by varying environmental constraints such as illumination, occlusions, pose, and expressions. These recognition systems have mainly focused on a single constraint at a time and have achieved remarkable successes. However, the presence of multiple constraints may deteriorate the performance of these face recognition systems. In this study, we assessed the performance of Principal Component Analysis and Singular Value Decomposition using Discrete Wavelet Transform (DWT-PCA/SVD) for preprocessing face recognition algorithm on multiple constraints (partially occluded face images acquired with varying expressions). Numerical evaluation of the study algorithm gave reasonably average recognition rates of 77.31% and 76.85% for left and right reconstructed face images with varying expressions, respectively. A statistically significant difference was established between the average recognition distance of the left and right reconstructed face images acquired with varying expressions using pairwise comparison test. The post hoc analysis using the Bonferroni simultaneous confidence interval revealed that the significant difference established through the pairwise comparison test was mainly due to the sad expressions. Although the performance of the DWT-PCA/SVD algorithm declined as compared to its performance on single constraints, the algorithm attained appreciable performance level under multiple constraints. The DWT-PCA/SVD recognition algorithm performs reasonably well for recognition when partial occlusion with varying expressions is the underlying constraint.


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