scholarly journals The effect of co-infestation by conspecific and heterospecific aphids on the feeding behaviour of Nasonovia ribisnigri on resistant and susceptible lettuce cultivars

2017 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 785-796 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cindy J. M. ten Broeke ◽  
Marcel Dicke ◽  
Joop J. A. van Loon
2013 ◽  
Vol 103 (5) ◽  
pp. 511-521 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cindy J.M. ten Broeke ◽  
Marcel Dicke ◽  
Joop J.A. van Loon

AbstractThe black currant-lettuce aphid,Nasonovia ribisnigri, is an important pest of cultivated lettuce,Lactuca sativa.Since 1982, the control of this aphid on lettuce is largely based on host plant resistance, conferred by theNrgene, introgressed fromLactuca virosa. The resistance mechanism remains to be identified.N. ribisnigripopulations virulent on theNr-based resistance in lettuce have emerged in several locations in Europe since 2007. The objective of this study was to investigate the resistance mechanism mediated by theNrgene in lettuce by detailed studies of aphid feeding behaviour and performance. Both avirulent (Nr:0) and virulent (Nr:1) biotypes ofN. ribisnigriwere studied on five resistant and two susceptible near isogenic lines (NILs). In addition, survival and colony development were quantified. Nr:0 aphids showed a strong decrease in sieve element ingestion and took longer to accept a sieve element on resistant NILs compared with susceptible NILs, and no aphids survived on the resistant NIL. Nr:1 aphids fed and performed equally well on the resistant and susceptible NILs. The resistance mechanism against Nr:0 aphids encoded by theNrgene seems to be located in the phloem, although we also observed differences in feeding behaviour during the pathway phase to the phloem. Nr:1 aphids were highly virulent to the resistance conferred by theNrgene. The consequences of the appearance of Nr:1 aphids for control ofN. ribisnigriare discussed.


2001 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 77-86 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark Hassall ◽  
Simon J. Lane ◽  
Martin Stock ◽  
Steve M. Percival ◽  
Barbara Pohl

2013 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 10
Author(s):  
Noar Muda Satyawan ◽  
Shelly Tutupoho ◽  
Yusli Wardiatno ◽  
Makoto Tsuchiya

Erosion rate on corals due to activities of other biota is called bioerosion. The rock-boring urchin, Echinometra mathaei, when it is abundant, plays a significant role in benthic ecosystems, including biological processes like coral erosion. During feeding, E. mathaei erodes calcium carbonate besides grazing on algae living on coral, so it plays an important role in both organic and inorganic carbons in coral reefs. The urchin E. mathaei actively feeds during the night time (nocturnal grazer). Although in Okinawa four types (A-D) of the urchin exist, the research only focused on the types A and B. Type A of E. mathaei produced 0.44951 g feces per day on average while type B produced 0.38030 g feces per day. CaCO3 analysis in feces and gut contents showed bioerosion rate of E. mathaei type A was 0.64492 g/individu/day, and 0.54436 g/individu/day in type B. There were no significant differences in bioerosion impact of E. mathaei type A and B© Laju erosi pada karang yang disebabkan oleh biota, dikenal dengan bioerosi. Bulu babi jenis Echinometra mathaei, ketika melimpah, menjadi sangat berpengaruh terhadap ekosistem bentik termasuk proses biologi seperti erosi karang. Selama aktivitas makan, E. mathaei menggerus kalsium karbonat dalam proporsi yang besar di samping alga yang tumbuh menempel pada karang sehingga memiliki peran penting dalam siklus karbon organik dan anorganik di ekosistem terumbu karang. Bulu babi E. mathaei aktif mencari makan pada malam hari (nocturnal grazer). Meskipun di Okinanawa ada 4 tipe (A-D), pada eksperimen kali ini memfokuskan pada tipe A dan B saja. Tipe A E. mathaei rata-rata memproduksi 0,44951 g feses/hari dan tipe B memproduksi 0,38030 g feses/hari. Berdasarkan analisis CaCO3 yang dilakukan pada feses dan isi lambung, laju bioerosi yang disebabkan oleh E. mathaei tipe A sebesar 0,64492 g/individu/hari sedangkan tipe B sebesar 0,54436 g/individu/hari. Tidak terdapat perbedaan dampak bioerosi yang signifikan antara E. mathaei tipe A dan B©


1987 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 369 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. J. Putman ◽  
R. M. Pratt ◽  
J. R. Ekins ◽  
P. J. Edwards

1972 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 444-451 ◽  
Author(s):  
I.J.H. Duncan ◽  
D.G.M. Wood-Gush

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