Recent Advances in the Genetics of Autism Spectrum Disorder

2015 ◽  
Vol 15 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Silvia De Rubeis ◽  
Joseph D. Buxbaum
Keyword(s):  
Autism Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Recent Advances

scholarly journals Knismesis: the aversive facet of tickle

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anton Varlamov ◽  
Ivan V. Skorokhodov
Keyword(s):  
Autism Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Hair Follicle ◽  
Dorsal Horn ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Light Touch ◽  
Sensory Inputs ◽  
Recent Advances ◽  
Afferent Inputs

There are two different kinds of tickle, knismesis (feather-light tickle) and gargalesis (more intense tickle eliciting involuntary laughter). In this article we review earlier and recent advances in tickle psychophysics and in neurophysiology of touch afferents and hypothesize that knismesis is signaled by populations of rapidly adapted hair follicle afferents, can stimulate itch neurons via dorsal horn projections, and is heavily moderated by afferent inputs from other touch neurons. Finally, we suggest that pathological light touch intolerance observed in autism spectrum disorder may reflect knismesis hyper-responsiveness and attenuated knismesis inhibition stemming from impaired integration of sensory inputs from other touch submodalities.

scholarly journals Recent advances in understanding the neural bases of autism spectrum disorder

2011 ◽  
Vol 23 (6) ◽  
pp. 628-632 ◽  
Author(s):  
James C. McPartland ◽  
Marika Coffman ◽  
Kevin A. Pelphrey
Keyword(s):  
Autism Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Recent Advances ◽  
Neural Bases

S.11.01 Recent advances in the genetics of autism spectrum disorder

2014 ◽  
Vol 24 ◽  
pp. S124
Author(s):  
C.R. Marshall ◽  
K. Tammimies ◽  
S. Walker ◽  
C. Yuen ◽  
D. Merico ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Autism Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Recent Advances

Brain MRI in Autism Spectrum Disorder: Narrative Review and Recent Advances

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Faranak Rafiee ◽  
Roya Rezvani Habibabadi ◽  
Mina Motaghi ◽  
David M. Yousem ◽  
Ilyssa J. Yousem
Keyword(s):  
Autism Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Brain Mri ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Narrative Review ◽  
Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Recent Advances

Development of Neural Structure and Function in Autism Spectrum Disorder: Potential Implications for Learning Language

2020 ◽  
Vol 29 (4) ◽  
pp. 1783-1797
Author(s):  
Kelly L. Coburn ◽  
Diane L. Williams
Keyword(s):  
Autism Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Language Development ◽  
Diffusion Tensor ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Language Intervention ◽  
Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Autistic Children ◽  
Neural Structure ◽  
Complex Information ◽  
And Function

Purpose Neurodevelopmental processes that begin during gestation and continue throughout childhood typically support language development. Understanding these processes can help us to understand the disruptions to language that occur in neurodevelopmental conditions, such as autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Method For this tutorial, we conducted a focused literature review on typical postnatal brain development and structural and functional magnetic resonance imaging, diffusion tensor imaging, magnetoencephalography, and electroencephalography studies of the neurodevelopmental differences that occur in ASD. We then integrated this knowledge with the literature on evidence-based speech-language intervention practices for autistic children. Results In ASD, structural differences include altered patterns of cortical growth and myelination. Functional differences occur at all brain levels, from lateralization of cortical functions to the rhythmic activations of single neurons. Neuronal oscillations, in particular, could help explain disrupted language development by elucidating the timing differences that contribute to altered functional connectivity, complex information processing, and speech parsing. Findings related to implicit statistical learning, explicit task learning, multisensory integration, and reinforcement in ASD are also discussed. Conclusions Consideration of the neural differences in autistic children provides additional scientific support for current recommended language intervention practices. Recommendations consistent with these neurological findings include the use of short, simple utterances; repetition of syntactic structures using varied vocabulary; pause time; visual supports; and individualized sensory modifications.

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