Abstract
Background
Intra- or extrahepatic porto-caval shunts can account for multiorgan dysfunction with pulmonary arterial hypertension and portosystemic encephalopathy as the most serious consequences of bypass of the hepatic circulation. The ductus venosus represents a rare Foetal porto-caval shunt and might be persistently patent in newborns after birth. Treatment strategies include surgical ligation and percutaneous device closure. The degree of portal vein hypoplasia limits therapy making liver transplantation the only option in some of them.
Case summary
In a newborn female patient a huge persistently patent ductus venosus, known already prenatally, resulted in severe secondary portal vein hypoplasia. She presented with hyperammonemia, elevated liver enzymes and pulmonary hypertension. With only diminutive portal venous branches and exceedingly high portal venous pressures during test-occlusion of the ductus venosus, shunt closure was not possible. At the age of two years more favorable portal venous pressures allowed transcatheter device closure with a nitinol ASD-occlusion device. Pulmonary artery pressures and ammonia levels normalized after the procedure without any signs of portal hypertension.
Discussion
The case highlights the importance of meticulous imaging using balloon occlusion angiography of porto-caval shunts like the ductus venosus, to search for intrahepatic portal veins. Moreover, portal vein pressure during test-occlusion can identify patients amenable for surgical or endovascular shunt closure. Occlusion devices licensed for other indications like atrial septal defect closure can be used safely in huge porto-caval shunt vessels in a one-step or staged procedure. Optimal timing of the intervention should be tailored to the patient’s needs
Patent ductus venosus in an infant with direct hyperbilirubinemia
