Inferior vena caval and right atrial thrombosis: Complicating pyogenic liver abscess

Inferior vena cava flow of anesthetized open-chest dogs was drained to a reservoir from a cannula above the diaphragm and returned to the atrium at constant rate. At selected base-line caval pressures, the caval flow and pressures in the abdomen (Pab), iliac vein (Piv), and downstream cavae (Pvc) were recorded during spontaneous breathing, cyclic phrenic nerve stimulation, and cyclic lowering of caval drain pressure. Each augmented flow unless Pab exceeded Pvc by at least ca. 5 cmH2O. In other dogs a cannulating flow probe was placed in the thoracic inferior cava and the chest was reclosed. Flow was augmented throughout most or all of spontaneous inspiration and was never depressed even though Pab exceeded right atrial pressure and Piv. I conclude that the collapse of hepatic veins and proximate cava does not occur at most normal pressures and a Starling resistor analog of abdominal veins based solely on abdominal and venous pressures is inappropriate. Both falling atrial pressure and rising Pab probably augment inspiratory abdominal venous return.

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Influence of venous injection sites on evolution of dilution curves in dogs

American Journal of Physiology-Legacy Content ◽

10.1152/ajplegacy.1963.205.3.504 ◽

1963 ◽

Vol 205 (3) ◽

pp. 504-510

Author(s):

Ramon L. Lange ◽

James T. Botticelli

Keyword(s):

Pulmonary Artery ◽

Femoral Artery ◽

Inferior Vena ◽

Superior Vena ◽

Right Atrial ◽

Superior Vena Caval ◽

Right Heart ◽

Inferior Vena Caval ◽

The Right ◽

Dilution Curves

The role of venous passage of indicator from different venous injection sites on the genesis of right heart and pulmonary artery dilution curves was examined. Right heart and pulmonary artery thermodilution curves were recorded after injection of cool dye into commonly used portals—superior vena caval, right atrial, and inferior vena caval—and the contour compared with the subsequent femoral artery dye dilution curve. With superior vena caval or right atrial injection, the contour and disappearance slopes of the pulmonary artery curve bore an extremely variable relationship to those of the femoral artery curve. In sharp contrast, inferior vena caval injection yielded pulmonary artery curves with disappearance slopes which were highly correlated with the femoral artery slope ( r = .99). With inferior vena caval injection, considerable temporal dispersion and spatial dispersion of indicator is found at the right atrial level. With superior vena caval injection distribution mainly occurred beyond the right atrium and even beyond the pulmonary artery in eight out of ten animal studies. The geometry of the venous system may explain this difference. Inaccuracies in flow calculation from right heart dilution curves in dogs would seem to be minimized by inferior vena caval injection.

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Effects of baroreceptor denervation on endocrine and drinking responses to caval constriction in dogs

AJP Regulatory Integrative and Comparative Physiology ◽

10.1152/ajpregu.1990.259.3.r618 ◽

1990 ◽

Vol 259 (3) ◽

pp. R618-R626 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

E. W. Quillen ◽

L. C. Keil ◽

I. A. Reid

Keyword(s):

Inferior Vena ◽

Plasma Renin ◽

Atrial Pressure ◽

Right Atrial ◽

Plasma Norepinephrine ◽

Inferior Vena Caval ◽

Plasma Angiotensin ◽

Access To Water ◽

Plasma Arginine

Plasma arginine vasopressin (AVP), plasma renin activity (PRA), and water intake (H2OIN) are increased by thoracic inferior vena caval constriction (TIVCC). To assess the role of the cardiac and sinoaortic baroreceptors in these responses, 9 sham-, 10 cardiac-(CD), 6 sinoaortic-(SAD), and 4 combined cardiac and sinoaortic-(CD + SAD) denervated conscious dogs were studied. All animals were studied while normally hydrated 1) with no access to water (H2O-) and 2) while drinking was permitted (H2O+). TIVCC caused similar reductions (P less than 0.001) of mean arterial (-32 +/- 4 mmHg), left atrial pressure (-6.5 +/- 1.1 cmH2O), and right atrial pressure (-4.2 +/- 0.8 cmH2O) in all groups. After TIVCC in sham dogs with H2O-, AVP increased from 3.6 +/- 0.7 to 72.8 +/- 12.6 pg/ml (P less than 0.001). AVP was similar with SAD (57.1 +/- 6.9) but was reduced with CD (30.9 +/- 3.0) and CD + SAD (17.7 +/- 4.0). In all groups, PRA increased from 4.5 +/- 0.7 to 23.8 +/- 3.0 ng.ml-1 x 3 h-1 and plasma angiotensin II (ANG II) increased from 14.0 +/- 2.8 to 59.5 +/- 13.0 pg/ml (P less than 0.001). Plasma adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) increased similarly in all groups (55 +/- 5 to 128 +/- 25 pg/ml). Plasma norepinephrine (NE) levels increased similarly in all groups (298 +/- 61 to 654 +/- 88 pg/ml).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

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