Starlikeness of certain non-univalent functions
AbstractWe consider three classes of functions defined using the class $${\mathcal {P}}$$ P of all analytic functions $$p(z)=1+cz+\cdots $$ p ( z ) = 1 + c z + ⋯ on the open unit disk having positive real part and study several radius problems for these classes. The first class consists of all normalized analytic functions f with $$f/g\in {\mathcal {P}}$$ f / g ∈ P and $$g/(zp)\in {\mathcal {P}}$$ g / ( z p ) ∈ P for some normalized analytic function g and $$p\in {\mathcal {P}}$$ p ∈ P . The second class is defined by replacing the condition $$f/g\in {\mathcal {P}}$$ f / g ∈ P by $$|(f/g)-1|<1$$ | ( f / g ) - 1 | < 1 while the other class consists of normalized analytic functions f with $$f/(zp)\in {\mathcal {P}}$$ f / ( z p ) ∈ P for some $$p\in {\mathcal {P}}$$ p ∈ P . We have determined radii so that the functions in these classes to belong to various subclasses of starlike functions. These subclasses includes the classes of starlike functions of order $$\alpha $$ α , parabolic starlike functions, as well as the classes of starlike functions associated with lemniscate of Bernoulli, reverse lemniscate, sine function, a rational function, cardioid, lune, nephroid and modified sigmoid function.