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2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 180-192
Author(s):  
Ricardo L. Soto

Abstract Let Λ = {λ1, λ2, . . ., λ n } be a list of complex numbers. Λ is said to be realizable if it is the spectrum of an entrywise nonnegative matrix. Λ is universally realizable if it is realizable for each possible Jordan canonical form allowed by Λ. Minc ([21],1981) showed that if Λ is diagonalizably positively realizable, then Λ is universally realizable. The positivity condition is essential for the proof of Minc, and the question whether the result holds for nonnegative realizations has been open for almost forty years. Recently, two extensions of the Minc’s result have been proved in ([5], 2018) and ([12], 2020). In this work we characterize new left half-plane lists (λ1 > 0, Re λ i ≤ 0, i = 2, . . ., n) no positively realizable, which are universally realizable. We also show new criteria which allow to decide about the universal realizability of more general lists, extending in this way some previous results.


2021 ◽  
Vol 32 (8-9) ◽  
pp. 786-787
Author(s):  
Iv. Galant

Alexander Pilez (Psychiatr.-Neurolog. W. No. 21. 1932) reports a case of a brain tumor a metastatic carcinomatous node compressing the left half of the cerebellum whose lifetime diagnosis remained impossible.


2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 253-260
Author(s):  
Ki-Chai Kim ◽  
Gyeong-Sik Park ◽  
Gyeong-Jun Min ◽  
Young-Ki Cho

This paper presents the transmission cross-section (TCS) of a dual plate with narrow small slots when a plane wave is incident from the left half-space. Numerical results show that the TCS depends mainly on the plate spacing for a specified frequency. The TCS fluctuates with the plate spacing; the fluctuation period is approximately 0.5λ. When the plate spacing is larger than 0.5λ, the TCS reduces to 90% in the single plate case, and TCS enhancement is extremely difficult. However, when the plate spacing is less than 0.5λ, the TCS decreases gradually to approximately 36% in the single plate case, and TCS enhancement can be realized using two parallel wires. The analysis results show that resonance transmission is effectively obtained by the wires connected on the slots for a plate spacing within 0.5λ. Experimental measurements are presented to validate the theory.


Author(s):  
Patrício Câmara Filho ◽  
Alui Oliveira Barbisan

1035 students in third grade of secondary school, in São Luís, the capital of Maranhão, Brazil, were examined. The mean age of them was about 18 years old. Utilizing a plan mirror and explorers number 5, each student in the study received a clinical dentel examination for diagnosing caries prevalence, through the DMF index and its components, by half maxilla and half jaw. In 99,50 per cent of the population studied, an average of caries incidence was 12,37 DMF by person and dental caries reached 44,31 per cent of erupted teeth. The highest caries incidence was on the superior arcade, in special in the left half maxilla. On the average, each student had 4,68 lost teeth; 4,72 with caries; and 2,87 restered. 15,10 per cent did not have removed teeth and 50,10 per cent needed at least, dental extraction. 45,50 per cent did not have restoretion.


Plant Disease ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guihe Jiang ◽  
Aiming Jiang ◽  
Chunli Fan ◽  
Ji-Guang Wei ◽  
Liyun Ren ◽  
...  

Kadsura coccinea (Lem.) A. C. Smith, an evergreen liana, is widely cultivated in China for its economic importance in traditional medicine. Many phytochemical studies on the stems and roots of K. coccinea have shown numerous biological activities, such as anti-tumor, anti-HIV, and anti-oxidant (Yang et al. 2020). In June 2019, an anthracnose on K. coccinea was observed in a plantation in Longan (23°03´N, 107°54´E), Guangxi province. Disease incidence was up to 30% in a plantation. Its symptoms began as small brown spots that expanded into nearly circular spots (Fig. 1A). To isolate pathogen, diseased leaves were collected. The leaves were sterilized with 75% ethanol for 15 s followed by 2% sodium hypochlorite for 90 s, then rinsed three times in sterilized distilled water, cut into 5 × 5 mm pieces, and placed into potato dextrose agar (PDA) plates. The plates were incubated in an incubator at 25°C in dark for 2–3 days. Fungal colonies with similar morphology of 27 isolates were isolated from the 30 infected tissues. Six representative isolates (YB1 to YB6) were selected to further study their characterization. Fungal colonies were grayish-white, orange-yellow conidial masses could be observed in colonies (Fig. 1C). The mature conidia were colorless and transparent, elliptical, and single-celled, 13.0–21.0 × 4.0–8.0 μm (average 16.92 × 5.92 µm; n =100) (Fig. 1B). The DNA sequences of ribosomal internal transcribed spacer region (ITS), glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate (GAPDH), calmodulin (CAL), actin (ACT), chitin synthase (CHS-1) and β-tubulin (TUB2) were amplified by PCR using the primer pairs ITS1/ITS4, GDF/GDR, CL1C/CL2C, ACT-512F/ACT-783R, CHS-79F/CHS-354R, and T1/Bt2b (Wang et al. 2020), respectively. Sequences were submitted to GenBank (Accession nos. MZ040489 to MZ040494 for ITS, MZ069043 to MZ069048 for GAPDH, MZ069049 to MZ069054 for CAL, MZ069055 to MZ069060 for ACT, MZ069061 to MZ069066 for CHS-1, and MZ069067 to MZ069072 for TUB2). These sequences were 98%–100% identical to that of reference isolates JX010278, JX010019, JX009709, GQ856775, GQ856730, and JX010410 of Colletotrichum siamense CBS 125378 ex-type recorded in GenBank. Phylogenetic analysis of combined ITS, GAPDH, CAL, ACT, CHS-1, TUB2 genes with 16 sequences obtained from GenBank using maximum likelihood method showed that the six isolates clustered with two reference isolates of Colletotrichum siamense as a distinct clade (Fig. 2). Based on morphological characteristics and phylogenetic analysis, six isolates were identified as C. siamense. Pathogenicity tests were performed on young, fully expanded leaves of 1-year seedlings. Every leaf was punctured at 6 points on the right half and 6 points on the left half using a sterile needle. A 10 μl conidial suspension (1×106 conidia/ml) was inoculated on each wound on the left-half leaf and a 10 μl sterile water was inoculated on each wound on the right-half leaf (control). Each treatment was repeated three times. Inoculated leaves were wrapped in plastic bags for 2 days and after removing the bags, plants were maintained in a growth chamber at 28°C, 80% relative humidity, and a 12-h photoperiod. Anthracnose spots formed 2 to 3 days after inoculation, whereas the control leaves remained symptomless. Morphological characters matched the descriptions of C. siamense. The pathogen was previously reported to cause anthracnose on Aloe vera (Azad et al. 2020), postharvest anthracnose in mango (Liu et al. 2017), pod rot in cacao (Serrato-Diaz et al. 2020). To our knowledge, this is the first report of anthracnose on K. coccinea caused by C. siamense in China.


2021 ◽  
Vol 66 (3) ◽  
pp. 13-18
Author(s):  
Nelya Metlyaeva ◽  
M. Lartsev ◽  
A. Bushmanov ◽  
I. Galstyan ◽  
L. Ryabinina ◽  
...  

Purpose: To evaluate in dynamics the psychophysiological adaptation of a patient who received local radiation damage to the tissues of the left half of the chest IV (extremely severe) severity (23 years of observation). Material and methods: Patient KTS, 66 years old, as the main diagnosis are the effects of local radiation damage to the skin and underlying tissues of the left half of the chest from external radiation (about 3 % of body surface area) IV extremely severe. Before receiving a radiation injury, she was able-bodied and socially adapted, worked as a nurse. In 1996, she was diagnosed with stage I left breast cancer T1N0M0 stage I, in connection with which she underwent a sectoral resection of the mammary gland. Then the patient underwent a course of radiation therapy. By retrospective assessment, the total dose of therapeutic effect before the incident was 10 Gy. At the time of the next session of radiation therapy in connection with the breakdown of the apparatus, a sharp uncontrolled increase in the dose of ionizing radiation (more than 100 Gy) occurred, causing serious injury. The patient was admitted to the Institute of Biophysics Clinic on the 5th day. Psychophysiological research was carried out with the use of automated software and methodic complex «Expert», designed to study the personal characteristics of a person, cognitive and intellectual personality characteristics in 2001 – 2017 years. Results: The effects of local radiation damage to the skin and underlying tissues of the left half of the chest from external irradiation of IV (extremely severe) degree in the form of cicatricial-atrophic changes of the soft tissues, with no bone skeleton remain. Disorders of mental adaptation are expressed in the form of senesto-hypochondria disorders, autism of perception, demonstrativeness, apathetic depression and introversion. The most profound contribution to the reduction of the adaptation of the victim is brought about by the features of deep internal disharmony caused by contradictory combinations of demonstrativeness, schizoid traits, anxious depression and affective rigidity. Conclusion: The data obtained indicate that impaired mental adaptation is an integral part of the clinical picture of local radiation injuries, and reveal the urgent need not only of specific treatment of radiation injury, but also of psychotropic pharmacotherapy and psychotherapy.


2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 114-122
Author(s):  
Ankit Mishra ◽  
Ragni Tandon ◽  
Aftab Azam ◽  
Kamlesh Singh ◽  
Pratik Chandra ◽  
...  

The term “asymmetry” is used to make reference to dissimilarity between homologous elements, altering the balance between the structures. Facial asymmetry is common in the overall population and is often presented subclinically. The assessment of facial asymmetry includes the interview of the patient with the orthodontist, extra-oral and intra-oral clinical examination. Depending upon the careful diagnosis the treatment options are selected from asymmetrical orthodontic mechanics to orthodontic surgery, depending upon the patient’s age, primary etiology of disease. When the amount of asymmetry is significant, the problem is usually visible, which has a detrimental impact on one's facial and smile aesthetics. Facial asymmetry in the craniofacial complex ranges from barely discernible to obvious differences between the right and left half of the face.


2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ryoichi Miyamoto ◽  
Toshiro Ogura ◽  
Amane Takahashi ◽  
Akifumi Kimura ◽  
Shinichi Matsudaira ◽  
...  

Abstract Purpose Laparoscopic liver resection (LLR) is currently an accepted approach for liver surgery in select patients. The correlation between the intraoperative position and the presence of gravity-dependent atelectasis (GDA) has been well discussed. However, LLR is performed in the left half lateral position, and the relationship between this position and the presence of GDA remains unclear. We evaluated the extent to which the intraoperative left half lateral position affects the presence of GDA. Furthermore, univariate and multivariate analyses were performed to identify potential risk factors for LLR postoperative complications with a special emphasis on the presence of GDA by comparing various patient-, liver- and surgery-related factors in a retrospective cohort. Methods We retrospectively evaluated 129 patients who underwent LLR in the left half lateral position at the Saitama Cancer Center in Saitama, Japan between March 2011 and July 2020. The frequency and duration of GDA were investigated. We divided the cohort into with GDA and without GDA groups based on a cutoff value (≥ 5 days, n = 61 and < 5 days, n = 68, respectively). Using multivariate analysis, the duration of GDA and several risk factors for LLR postoperative complications were independently assessed. Results Postoperative GDA was observed in 61 patients (47%) and lasted for 1 to 8 days in these patients. The mean duration of GDA was 4.3 days. Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed a GDA duration of 5 days or more (odds ratio [OR], 2.03; p = 0.001) and an operating time > 388 minutes (OR, 5.31; p < 0.001) to be independent risk factors for LLR postoperative complications. Conclusions The incidence and duration of postoperative GDA are considered useful predictors of postoperative complications, and these predictors should be assessed to improve the short-term outcomes of patients undergoing LLR.


Author(s):  
Sithyphone Khounsaknalath ◽  
Kotaro Etoh ◽  
Kaori Sakuma ◽  
Kunihiko Saito ◽  
Akira Saito ◽  
...  

Abstract The study was conducted to clarify how early high plane of nutrition related to metabolic imprinting affected growth, carcass characteristics, and meat quality of grass-fed Wagyu (Japanese Black cattle). Wagyu steers were allocated randomly into two dietary groups: 1) steers fed milk replacer (crude protein 26.0%, crude fat 25.5%; maximum intake 0.6 kg/d) until 3 mo of age and then fed roughage (orchard grass hay) ad libitum from 4 to 10 mo of age (roughage group, RG; n = 11); 2) steers fed milk replacer (maximum intake of 1.8 kg per day) until 3 mo of age and then fed a high-concentrate diet from 4 to 10 mo of age (early high nutrition, EHN; n = 12). After 11 mo of age, all steers were fed roughage ad libitum until 31 mo of age and then slaughtered. Growth performance, carcass traits, longissimus muscle (LM) meat quality and intramuscular fat (IMF) content, plasma Insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) concentration, and bone mineral density were measured. Body weight was greater in EHN steers (571 kg) than RG steers (520 kg; P &lt; 0.01). Plasma IGF-I levels were higher in EHN steers than in RG steers at 3, 10, and 14 mo of age (P &lt; 0.01, P &lt; 0.005, P &lt; 0.001, respectively); however, plasma IGF-I levels were lower in EHN steers compared to RG steers at 30 mo of age (P &lt; 0.01). The total weight of the muscles and bones of the left half of the carcass were not different between the two groups (P = 0.065). Five of the 19 muscles investigated (semimembranosus, P = 0.036; infraspinatus, P = 0.024; supraspinatus, P = 0.0019; serratus ventralis cervicis, P = 0.032; serratus ventralis thoracis, P = 0.027) were heavier in EHN steers. Total fat weight in the left half of the carcass was 30% greater (P = 0.025) in HNE carcasses. Subcutaneous and perirenal fat weights were 53% and 84% greater (P = 0.008, P = 0.002, respectively) in EHN carcasses. The LM IMF content was greater in EHN loins (13.2%) compared to RG loins (9.4%) at 31 mo of age (P = 0.038); however, no differences were found for shear force, tenderness, and cook loss. These results suggested early high-nutrition affected the growth and meat quality of livestock.


Author(s):  
Su A Lee ◽  
L Vanessa Lagos ◽  
Mike R Bedford ◽  
Hans H Stein

Abstract The objective was to determine correlations between individual bones and total body bone ash to identify the bone that is most representative of total body bone ash in growing pigs. Twenty growing pigs were allotted to 1 of 2 dietary diets that were formulated to contain 60% or 100% of the requirement for standardized total tract digestible (STTD) P. Both diets had an STTD Ca to STTD P ratio of 1.90:1. Growth performance and carcass weights were determined. Metacarpals, metatarsals, femur, tibia, fibula, 3 rd and 4 th ribs, and 10 th and 11 th ribs, and all other bones from the left half of the carcass were collected separately. Each bone was defatted and ashed. Pigs fed the diet containing 100% of required Ca and P had greater (P &lt; 0.05) average daily gain, gain to feed, and ash concentration (%) in total and all individual bones except femur and fibula compared with pigs fed the diet containing 60% of required Ca and P. Calcium and P concentrations in bone ash were not affected by dietary treatments. Weights (g) of bone ash, bone Ca, and bone P were greater (P &lt; 0.05) or tended to be greater (P &lt; 0.10) for pigs fed the diet containing 100% of required Ca and P. Correlation coefficients between the weight of ashed metacarpals, metatarsals, and tibia and the weight of total bone ash were greater than 0.95. In conclusion, metacarpals, metatarsals, and tibia were more representative of total body bone ash compared with other bones.


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