Technology to Develop a Smokeless Stove for Sustainable Future of Rural Women and also to Develop a Green Environment

This paper examines the local freshwater mussel, or kai (Batissa violacea), fishery value chain, its values and contribution to the livelihood of people in Viti Levu, Fiji. The assessment was performed through face-to-face interviews, with the use of semi-structured questionnaires administered to 125 actors. A walk through the value-chain was also conducted that confirmed the sites’ environmental conditions. Results revealed that even though the kai fishery is dominated by rural women, men were also employed as kai processors, transporting agents and exporters. This fishery generated at least 58 other employments through the 500 kai harvesters within the five major provinces understudy. These were drivers, boat builders, retailers, processors, exporters, and harvesters. Three sales pathways were identified that determined the revenues and profits: (i) harvesters sell own harvests directly to the consumer at the municipal markets, (ii) harvesters sell through intermediary traders to consumers, and (iii) harvesters sell through processors to supermarkets, hotels or exporters. When revenues and profits were calculated, harvesters earned much less, compared to intermediary traders, processors, and exporters. Major constraints include continuous reduction in catch size of kai, lack of transport, and marketing at the local municipal markets that require improvements.

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Income generating programmes for rural women – examining the role of NGOs

Small Enterprise Development ◽

10.3362/0957-1329.1994.003 ◽

1994 ◽

Vol 5 (1) ◽

pp. 14-20

Author(s):

Smita Premchander

Keyword(s):

Rural Women

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Women at Work: Innkeeping in the Highlands and Islands of Scotland 1790–1840

Journal of Scottish Historical Studies ◽

10.3366/jshs.2017.0218 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 37 (2) ◽

pp. 155-176 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Theresa Mackay

Keyword(s):

Rural Women ◽

Popular Fiction ◽

Travel Patterns ◽

Economic Diversity

Between 1790 and 1840 Scotland's Highlands and Islands saw a rise in the number of travellers due to transportation changes, war on the Continent, and popular fiction. Consequently, the number of inns increased in response to this shift in local travel patterns and influx of visitors. By examining where the growth in inns happened, who managed them, and what services were offered, this article argues that the Highlands and Islands economy was both complex and commercial. It establishes that rural women were innkeepers of multifaceted hospitality operations responding to market demands and enabling economic diversity in their communities, the result of which was the hospitality infrastructure for tourism.

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