significant digit | ScienceGate

“Benford's Law and the Detection of Election Fraud” raises doubts about whether a test based on the mean of the second significant digit of vote counts equals 4.187 is useful as a test for the occurrence of election fraud. The paper mistakenly associates such a test with Benford's Law, considers a simulation exercise that has no apparent relevance for any actual election, applies the test to inappropriate levels of aggregation, and ignores existing analysis of recent elections in Russia. If tests based on the second significant digit of precinct-level vote counts are diagnostic of election fraud, the tests need to use expectations that take into account the features of ordinary elections, such as strategic actions. Whether the tests are useful for detecting fraud remains an open question, but approaching this question requires an approach more nuanced and tied to careful analysis of real election data than one sees in the discussed paper.

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Algorithm 708: Significant digit computation of the incomplete beta function ratios

ACM Transactions on Mathematical Software ◽

10.1145/131766.131776 ◽

1992 ◽

Vol 18 (3) ◽

pp. 360-373 ◽

Cited By ~ 20

Author(s):

Armido R. Didonato ◽

Alfred H. Morris

Keyword(s):

Beta Function ◽

Incomplete Beta Function ◽

Significant Digit

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Development of a technique and the organization of classes in training of skiers of younger categories at a "basic" aestivo-autumnal stage of trainings

Services in Russia and abroad ◽

10.12737/11891 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 9 (2) ◽

pp. 0-0

Author(s):

Валентина Линтарёва ◽

Valentina Lintareva ◽

Лариса Иванова ◽

Larisa Ivanova ◽

Елена Стеценко ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Climatic Conditions ◽

Training Load ◽

Instructional Materials ◽

Training Process ◽

Significant Digit ◽

Training Cycle ◽

Systematic Training ◽

One Year ◽

General Physical ◽

And Training

Performances of Russian skiers at the XXII Olympic Winter Games in Sochi acknowledged as ambiguous: highly successful in men and less successful in women. Unsuccessful performances in women motivated the ski community in Russia, including and the authors of this article, to search negative reasons why so many women´s teams have failed in performances. Some of them, in our opinion, consist in the lack of regular and systematic training sessions of skiers 16-19 years old in the mode of a one-year training cycle, especially in the summer-autumn stages of training and the insufficiency of instructional materials and methodical recommendations on issues educational and training activities on these stages of preparation. There are tendencies to reduce the number of training sessions skiing in universities, colleges and schools under the program approved by RF Ministry of Education. But in some regions of the Russian Federation is noted the complete absence of such training. Organization and methods of educational and training sessions of skiers of least significant digit on the "basic" summer-autumn stage of preparation, taking into account the favorable climatic conditions and increased light day allow to widely use of variety of general and specialized tools and exercises used in the training process and more comfortable to deal with training load in the future, especially during the main "snow" preparation phase. Proposed by authors training and methodical recommendations for the organization of the training process of skiers of least significant digit on the "basic" summer-autumn stage of a one-year training cycle with using mostly means and exercise of general physical preparing, with taking into account the discharge qualifications of boys and girls permit to carry out the training load in the specified volumes and time parameters. The offered by authors training load, in our opinion, can serve as an indicator of the functional state of athletes.

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