Effect of slaframine on exocrine gland function

1970 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 427-433 ◽  
Author(s):  
S.D. Aust
The Lancet ◽  
1978 ◽  
Vol 312 (8086) ◽  
pp. 405-407 ◽  
Author(s):  
LeightonG. Dann ◽  
Karl Blau

Cell ◽  
1997 ◽  
Vol 91 (6) ◽  
pp. 789-798 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wenbiao Chen ◽  
Michele A Kelly ◽  
Ximena Opitz-Araya ◽  
Ruth E Thomas ◽  
Malcolm J Low ◽  
...  

1972 ◽  
Vol 69 (2) ◽  
pp. 257-266 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bryant Benson ◽  
Mary Jane Matthews ◽  
Alvin E. Rodin

ABSTRACT Continuing investigation of pineal gland function indicates that the anti-gonadotrophic activity of this organ cannot be attributed solely to the postulated hormone melatonin, the concentration of which is negligible in the pineal body compared to quantities required to produce unequivocal physiological effects. A non-melatonin antigonadotrophic substance recently isolated from bovine pineal glands was further purified by organic solvent extraction, ultrafiltration and gel filtration. Studies of partial blockage of compensatory ovarian hypertrophy in unilaterally ovariectomized Charles River CD-1 mice indicated that this substance is significantly more potent than melatonin in this test system.


Author(s):  
Georgia Colleluori ◽  
Jessica Perugini ◽  
Giorgio Barbatelli ◽  
Saverio Cinti

AbstractThe mammary gland (MG) is an exocrine gland present in female mammals responsible for the production and secretion of milk during the process of lactation. It is mainly composed by epithelial cells and adipocytes. Among the features that make the MG unique there are 1) its highly plastic properties displayed during pregnancy, lactation and involution (all steps belonging to the lactation cycle) and 2) its requirement to grow in close association with adipocytes which are absolutely necessary to ensure MG’s proper development at puberty and remodeling during the lactation cycle. Although MG adipocytes play such a critical role for the gland development, most of the studies have focused on its epithelial component only, leaving the role of the neighboring adipocytes largely unexplored. In this review we aim to describe evidences regarding MG’s adipocytes role and properties in physiologic conditions (gland development and lactation cycle), obesity and breast cancer, emphasizing the existing gaps in the literature which deserve further investigation.


2021 ◽  
pp. 019262332110094
Author(s):  
Janet M. Petruska ◽  
Maria Adamo ◽  
Jeffrey McCartney ◽  
Ahamat Aboulmali ◽  
Thomas J. Rosol

The most common target organ for toxicity in the endocrine system is the adrenal gland, and its function is dependent upon the hypothalamus and pituitary gland. Histopathologic examination of the adrenal glands and pituitary gland is routinely performed in toxicity studies. However, the function of the adrenal gland is not routinely assessed in toxicity studies. Assessment of adrenal cortical function may be necessary to determine whether a histopathologic finding in the adrenal cortex results in a functional effect in the test species. As juvenile toxicity studies are more commonly performed in support of pediatric indications for pharmaceuticals, it is important to establish historical control data for adrenal gland function. In this study, adrenal cortical function was assessed in control neonatal and weanling beagle dogs as part of an ongoing juvenile toxicology program. Measurements of serum adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH), cortisol prior to and following administration of exogenous ACTH, and aldosterone were conducted beginning at 2 weeks of age continuing through 26 weeks of age. Serum electrolyte concentrations were determined at 4, 13, and 26 weeks of age. Dogs as young as 2 weeks of age synthesize and secrete adrenal cortical hormones and exhibit a functional hypothalamic pituitary adrenal axis.


2021 ◽  
pp. 002203452110048
Author(s):  
G.B. Proctor ◽  
A.M. Shaalan

Although the physiological control of salivary secretion has been well studied, the impact of disease on salivary gland function and how this changes the composition and function of saliva is less well understood and is considered in this review. Secretion of saliva is dependent upon nerve-mediated stimuli, which activate glandular fluid and protein secretory mechanisms. The volume of saliva secreted by salivary glands depends upon the frequency and intensity of nerve-mediated stimuli, which increase dramatically with food intake and are subject to facilitatory or inhibitory influences within the central nervous system. Longer-term changes in saliva secretion have been found to occur in response to dietary change and aging, and these physiological influences can alter the composition and function of saliva in the mouth. Salivary gland dysfunction is associated with different diseases, including Sjögren syndrome, sialadenitis, and iatrogenic disease, due to radiotherapy and medications and is usually reported as a loss of secretory volume, which can range in severity. Defining salivary gland dysfunction by measuring salivary flow rates can be difficult since these vary widely in the healthy population. However, saliva can be sampled noninvasively and repeatedly, which facilitates longitudinal studies of subjects, providing a clearer picture of altered function. The application of omics technologies has revealed changes in saliva composition in many systemic diseases, offering disease biomarkers, but these compositional changes may not be related to salivary gland dysfunction. In Sjögren syndrome, there appears to be a change in the rheology of saliva due to altered mucin glycosylation. Analysis of glandular saliva in diseases or therapeutic interventions causing salivary gland inflammation frequently shows increased electrolyte concentrations and increased presence of innate immune proteins, most notably lactoferrin. Altering nerve-mediated signaling of salivary gland secretion contributes to medication-induced dysfunction and may also contribute to altered saliva composition in neurodegenerative disease.


2014 ◽  
Vol 75 (2) ◽  
pp. 148-150 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maik Dahlhoff ◽  
Emanuela Camera ◽  
Mauro Picardo ◽  
Christos C. Zouboulis ◽  
Marlon R. Schneider

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