adrenal gland
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2038 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Santosh Kumar ◽  
Kumar Jayant ◽  
Seema Prasad ◽  
Swati Agrawal ◽  
Kalpesh Mahesh Parma ◽  
...  

Author(s):  
Roberto Olmos ◽  
Nicolás Mertens ◽  
Anand Vaidya ◽  
Thomas Uslar ◽  
Paula Fernandez ◽  
...  

Abstract Context Incidentally discovered adrenal adenomas are common. Assessment for possible autonomous cortisol excess (ACS) is warranted for all adrenal adenomas given the association with increased cardiometabolic disease. Objective To evaluate the discriminatory capacity of three-dimensional volumetry on computed tomography (CT) to identify ACS. Design, Setting, Patients Two radiologists, blinded to hormonal levels, prospectively analyzed CT images on 149 adult patients with unilateral, incidentally-discovered, adrenal adenomas. Main Outcome Measures Diameter and volumetry of the adenoma, volumetry of the contralateral adrenal gland, and the adenoma volume-to-contralateral gland volume (AV/CV) ratio were measured. ACS was defined as cortisol≥1.8 mcg/dL after 1mg dexamethasone suppression test (DST) and a morning ACTH ≤15 pg/mL. Results We observed that ACS was diagnosed in 35 (23.4%) patients. Cortisol post-DST was positively correlated with adenoma diameter and volume, and inversely correlated with contralateral adrenal gland volume. Cortisol post-DST was positively correlated with the AV/CV ratio (r=0.46, p<0.001) and ACTH was inversely correlated (r=-0.28, p<0.001). The AV/CV ratio displayed the highest Odds Ratio (1.40 CI 95% 1.18-1.65) and area under curve (0.91 CI 95% 0.86-0.96) for predicting ACS. An AV/CV ratio ≥1 (48% of the cohort) had a sensitivity of 97% and a specificity of 70% to identify ACS. Conclusions CT volumetry of adrenal adenomas and contralateral adrenal glands has a high discriminatory capacity to identify ACS. The combination of this simple and low-cost radiological phenotyping can supplement biochemical testing to substantially improve the identification of ACS.


2022 ◽  
pp. 030098582110710
Author(s):  
Marta Mainenti ◽  
Arnaud J. Van Wettere

Spontaneous migration of placental trophoblasts into maternal blood vessels and embolization to other organs (ie, lung, adrenal gland, spleen, and liver) occurs in women and certain animals with hemochorial placentation. Although considered incidental in most species, increased incidence and numbers of trophoblast emboli are reported in women with gestational diseases with arterial hypertension (pre-eclampsia and eclampsia). To the best of our knowledge, trophoblast emboli have not been reported in lagomorphs. This case report describes the identification of trophoblast emboli in the lung of a wild snowshoe hare ( Lepus americanus). Death of this hare was attributed to pulmonary hemorrhages and hemothorax, but a definitive cause for the hemorrhages was not determined. It is unclear whether trophoblast embolism normally occurs in this species and represents an incidental finding, or whether it possibly contributed to rupture of pulmonary or thoracic blood vessels leading to hemorrhage.


Author(s):  
Zehra Pınar Koç ◽  
Pınar Pelin Özcan ◽  
Emel Sezer ◽  
Kadir Eser ◽  
Tuba Kara

Abstract Background The aim of this study was to evaluate the role of F-18 FDG PET/CT imaging in the diagnosis of primary and metastatic adrenal tumors that originate from non-lung cancer primary tumors. Results F-18 FDG PET/CT images of patients (8 male and 6 female; mean: 55.36 ± 16.2 years old) who attended with the diagnosis of primary or adrenal metastatic lesions other than lung cancer metastasis were evaluated in a retrospective manner. The diameter of the adrenal lesions was mean: 23.93 ± 36.6 mm with SUVmax levels of mean: 9.98 ± 7.8. The primary site of 2/3 of the patients with unknown primary was the adrenal gland, and in one of the patients primary tumor remained unknown during follow-up. Conclusions According to the results of this study, F-18 FDG PET/CT has high diagnostic performance in the diagnosis of the adrenal gland primary and metastatic lesions, which originate from non-lung cancer tumors. Further studies in the larger series are warranted.


2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Suryansh Bajaj ◽  
Manoj K. Jain, MD ◽  
Shweta Bhatt, MD
Keyword(s):  

Author(s):  
Sylvia L. Asa ◽  
Sandra E. Fischer
Keyword(s):  

2022 ◽  
Vol 226 (1) ◽  
pp. S518-S519
Author(s):  
Avi Zolotarevsky ◽  
Reuven Kedar ◽  
Amit Damti ◽  
Mordehai Bardicef ◽  
Lelia Abu Nasra ◽  
...  

2021 ◽  
Vol 44 (1) ◽  
pp. 128-138
Author(s):  
Nae Takizawa ◽  
Susumu Tanaka ◽  
Koshiro Nishimoto ◽  
Yuki Sugiura ◽  
Makoto Suematsu ◽  
...  

Primary aldosteronism is most often caused by aldosterone-producing adenoma (APA) and bi-lateral adrenal hyperplasia. Most APAs are caused by somatic mutations of various ion channels and pumps, the most common being the inward-rectifying potassium channel KCNJ5. Germ line mutations of KCNJ5 cause familial hyperaldosteronism type 3 (FH3), which is associated with severe hyperaldosteronism and hypertension. We present an unusual case of FH3 in a young woman, first diagnosed with primary aldosteronism at the age of 6 years, with bilateral adrenal hyperplasia, who underwent unilateral adrenalectomy (left adrenal) to alleviate hyperaldosteronism. However, her hyperaldosteronism persisted. At the age of 26 years, tomography of the remaining adrenal revealed two different adrenal tumors, one of which grew substantially in 4 months; therefore, the adrenal gland was removed. A comprehensive histological, immunohistochemical, and molecular evaluation of various sections of the adrenal gland and in situ visualization of aldosterone, using matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization imaging mass spectrometry, was performed. Aldosterone synthase (CYP11B2) immunoreactivity was observed in the tumors and adrenal gland. The larger tumor also harbored a somatic β-catenin activating mutation. Aldosterone visualized in situ was only found in the subcapsular regions of the adrenal and not in the tumors. Collectively, this case of FH3 presented unusual tumor development and histological/molecular findings.


2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Al-Bajory, Salwa Ismail Abd al-Qadir

Morphological study of the adrenal gland of the adult sudanese chicken (gallus domesticus) شملت هذه الدراسة بحثا عيانيا و مجهريا للغدة الكظرية في الديوك السودانية من الناحية العيانية تتكون الغدة الكظرية من نسيج ضام و قشرة و لب الترتيب العام للقشرة و اللب يختلف عن ذلك الذي في الغدة المماثلة في الحيوانات الأخرى. و قد وجد أن القشرة و اللب يمتزجان مع بعضهم البعض. كما شملت الدراسة الألياف العصبية. وجد أن متوسط حجم الغدة الكظرية اليمنى هو 0.2 سم3 و مع أن حجم الغدة اليمنى يزيد بنسبة 11 % عن الغدة اليسرى إلا أن الحجم النسبي للأجزاء المكونة للغدة كان متماثلا في الغدتين اليمنى و اليسرى. تكون القشرة حوالي 48 % م الحجم الكلي للغدة. ترتيب خلايا النورادرلننين المفرزة مختلف من الحيوانات الأخرى إذ نجدها في مجموعات.


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