Reproductive vigor and environmental factors in populations of an endangered North American orchid, Isotria medeoloides (Pursh) rafinesque

1989 ◽  
Vol 47 (4) ◽  
pp. 281-296 ◽  
Author(s):  
Loyal A. Mehrhoff
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Factors ◽  
North American ◽  
Isotria Medeoloides

Trajectory-Enhanced AIRS Observations of Environmental Factors Driving Severe Convective Storms

2019 ◽  
Vol 147 (5) ◽  
pp. 1633-1653 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Kalmus ◽  
Brian H. Kahn ◽  
Sean W. Freeman ◽  
Susan C. van den Heever
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Factors ◽  
North American ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Nearest Neighbor ◽  
Convective Available Potential Energy ◽  
Storm Events ◽  
Hysplit Model ◽  
Back Trajectories ◽  
Central United States ◽  
Regional Reanalysis

Abstract We investigate environmental factors of severe convective weather using temperature and moisture retrievals from the Atmospheric Infrared Sounder (AIRS) that lie along parcel trajectories traced from tornado, large hail, and severe wind producing events in the central United States. We create AIRS proximity soundings representative of the storm environment by calculating back trajectories from storm times and locations at levels throughout the troposphere, using the Hybrid Single Particle Lagrangian Integrated Trajectory (HYSPLIT) model forced with the 32-km North American Regional Reanalysis (NARR) and 12-km North American Mesoscale Forecast System (NAM12). The proximity soundings are calculated for severe weather events including tornadoes, hail ≥2 in. diameter, and wind gusts >65 mph (29 m s−1) specified in the NCEI Storm Events database. Box-and-whisker diagrams exhibit more realistic values of enhanced convective available potential energy (CAPE) and suppressed convective inhibition (CIN) relative to conventional “nearest neighbor” (NN) soundings; however, differences in lifting condensation level (LCL), level of free convection (LFC), and significant tornado parameter (STP) from the HYSPLIT-adjusted back traced soundings are more similar to NN soundings. This methodology should be extended to larger swaths of soundings, and to other operational infrared sounders, to characterize the large-scale environment in severe convective events.

On Cephalaspis magnifica Traquair, 1893, from the Middle Devonian of Scotland, and the relationships of the last osteostracans

2004 ◽  
Vol 95 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 511-525 ◽  
Author(s):  
Philippe Janvier ◽  
Michael J. Newman
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Factors ◽  
North American ◽  
Middle Devonian ◽  
New Genus ◽  
Late Devonian ◽  
Early Devonian ◽  
Abundance And Diversity

The large Middle Devonian osteostracan Cephalaspis magnifica Traquair, 1893a, from the Late Eifelian Upper Caithness Flagstone Group of Caithness, Scotland, is redescribed on the basis of the holotype and a second, hitherto undescribed specimen. This species is assigned to a new genus, Trewinia gen. nov. and, on account of its probable lack of lateral cephalic fields, is regarded as a possible member of the Escuminaspididae, which are hitherto only known from the Late Devonian of Quebec, Canada. Other characters of the head shield of T. magnifica also accord with the structure of the largest known escuminaspidid Escuminaspis. The morphology, relationships and biogeography of the few other Middle and Late Devonian osteostracans are discussed. North American osteostracans are generally quite distinctive from European ones throughout the Devonian, and only few taxa seem common to the two areas. The Escuminaspididae could be one of these, and this would agree with similar distributions met with in other Middle and Late Devonian vertebrates from similar environments. The question of the possible causes of the decline and extinction of the various ‘ostracoderm’ groups after the end of the Early Devonian is briefly discussed, and environmental factors are favoured to account for their decline in abundance and diversity.

Reductionist thinking and animal models in neuropsychiatric research

2019 ◽  
Vol 42 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicole M. Baran
Keyword(s):  
Animal Models ◽  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Neuropsychiatric Disorders ◽  
Model Organisms ◽  
Developmental Genetic ◽  
Term Study ◽  
Genetic And Environmental Factors ◽  
Mechanisms Of Plasticity

AbstractReductionist thinking in neuroscience is manifest in the widespread use of animal models of neuropsychiatric disorders. Broader investigations of diverse behaviors in non-model organisms and longer-term study of the mechanisms of plasticity will yield fundamental insights into the neurobiological, developmental, genetic, and environmental factors contributing to the “massively multifactorial system networks” which go awry in mental disorders.

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