French patent description No. 39 of 1791

1979 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 103
Keyword(s):  
French Patent ◽  
Patent Description

AIDS research. U.S.-French patent dispute heads for a showdown

Science ◽  
1994 ◽  
Vol 265 (5168) ◽  
pp. 23-25 ◽  
Author(s):  
J Cohen
Keyword(s):  
French Patent ◽  
Aids Research

scholarly journals Examining inventions, shaping property: The savants and the French patent system

2018 ◽  
Vol 57 (1) ◽  
pp. 62-80 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jérôme Baudry
Keyword(s):  
Intellectual Property ◽  
Patent System ◽  
The Political ◽  
Close Attention ◽  
French Patent ◽  
Natural Right ◽  
The Law ◽  
Consultative Body ◽  
Examination Process ◽  
Shaping Property

In 1791, the Loi relative aux découvertes utiles instituted a new patent system in France. Because patents were seen as the expression of the natural right of inventors, prior examination was abolished. However, only a few years after the law was passed, an unofficial examination was reinstated, and it was entrusted to the Comité Consultatif des Arts et Manufactures – a consultative body composed of prominent scientists. I analyze the political significance of the involvement of the savants in the patent system, and based on the archives of the Comité, I study the scope and practicalities of the examination process, paying close attention to the ways through which the savants of the Comité directly intervened in the writing and drawing of specifications. I show how a distinct regime of intellectual property emerged in France and how it was constructed by the interests and norms of scientists, eager as they were to distinguish ‘science’ from ‘industry’ and establish the superiority of the former over the latter.

scholarly journals Stirling Engine and absolute sealing

2021 ◽  
Vol 313 ◽  
pp. 04004
Author(s):  
Thierry Raballand
Keyword(s):  
Main Part ◽  
Stirling Engine ◽  
French Patent ◽  
The Right

Referring to the sketches, the alternative rotation of shaft (101) allows for absolute sealing between the left side and the right side of seal (1020). A device for total sealing around a shaft in alternating rotation is characterized in that a seal (1020), the main part of the device, called a torsion disc, constitutes the material insulator and is fixed on a shaft (101) by means of two spacers (610) and (620), where the spacer (610) is held in position by the bearing (710) and the spacer (620), which clamps the seal (1020), is held in position by the bearing (720). Along the shaft (101) on both sides of the seal (1020), O-rings (510) and (520) and possibly temperature insulating rings (410) and (420) can be arranged. On both sides of the seal (1020) there are possibly two pressure isolating stops (210) and (220), which slide in rotation on two other stops (110) and (120). The two bearing housings (228) and (8) are positioned relative to each other by means of shims (7) in order to clamp the seal (1020) at the bore and at the shaft. Connecting screws connect the bearing housings (228) and (8) and further connecting screws connect the housing (8) and the wall (22). Absolute sealing of a kinematic Stirling engine is now achievable. A French patent was taken out on August 27th, 2020.

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