From the Indian Ocean to the Arctic: What the Chagos Archipelago Advisory Opinion Tells Us about Greenland

On February 25, 2019, the International Court of Justice issued its advisory opinion on Legal Consequences of the Separation of the Chagos Archipelago from Mauritius in 1965. The judges held by a majority of 13:1 that the process of decolonisation of Mauritius is incomplete, owing to the separation of the Chagos Archipelago shortly before Mauritian independence, that the United Kingdom should end its administration of the Chagos Archipelago as rapidly as possible, and that all Member States of the United Nations should cooperate to complete the decolonisation of Mauritius. The (partial) decolonisation of Mauritius in 1968 and the treatment of the Chagos islanders (Chagossians) have important parallels with the purported decolonisation of Greenland in 1952–54. In both cases, the consultative body of the colonised people was neither fully independent nor representative of all the people concerned. No real choice was given to either body; rather the colonial power offered only the continuation of the status quo or professed self-determination on terms defined by the colonial power itself. Furthermore, the process of decolonisation was inherently linked to the forcible transfer of people in order to make way for a United States military facility. Nevertheless, there are some relevant differences. First of all, Greenland was purportedly decolonised in 1953, some seven years before the UN General Assembly Declaration on the Granting of Independence to Colonial Countries and Peoples (UNGA Res. 1514(XV) 1960). Second, the UN General Assembly accepted the Danish government’s representations regarding the full decolonisation of Greenland (UNGA Res. 849 (1954), in contrast to their position regarding Mauritius that decolonisation was and remains incomplete, owing to the separation of the Chagos Archipelago (UNGA Res(XX) 1965). Third, though the Chagossians have been recognised as indigenous at the UN, the British government has continually denied this status and (mis)characterises them as a transient people, while Denmark has accepted the status of the Greenlanders as both an indigenous people and a colonial people, entitled to self-determination. This article examines the implications for the judgment for the Greenland case as well as broader questions of self-determination of peoples. It concludes that the colonial boundaries continue to govern in decolonisation cases, with the consequence that the Greenlanders are likely to be held to be a single people; that the erga omnes character of the right to self-determination means that all States must cooperate to facilitate Greenlanders’ choices for their future; and that there remain significant procedural hurdles that prevent colonial and indigenous peoples having their voices heard, even in the matters that concern them most of all.

FAKTOR-FAKTOR PENDUKUNG AKUNTABILITAS PENGELOLAAN KEUANGAN DESA

ABSTRAKPenelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis pengaruh kualitas sumber daya manusia, pengawasan Badan Permusyawaratan Desa dan partisipasi masyarakat terhadap akuntabilitas pengelolaan keuangan desa dengan sistem keuangan desa sebagai variabel intervening. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode deskriptif dan verifikatif. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah pemerintah desa se-Kecamatan Talaga dan Kecamatan Maja. Teknik analisis data menggunakan analisis regresi linear berganda. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa kualitas sumber daya manusia (SDM), pengawasan Badan Permusyawaratan Daerah (BPD), partisipasi masyarakat, dan sistem keuangan desa secara parsial berpengaruh positif terhadap akuntabilitas pengelolaan keuangan desa. Kualitas SDM dan pengawasan BPD berpengaruh positif terhadap akuntabilitas pengelolaan keuangan desa sedangkan partispasi masyarakat tidak berpengaruh terhadap sistem keuangan desa. Sistem keuangan desa mampu memediasi kualitas SDM, pengawasan BPD dan partisipasi masyarakat terhadap akuntabilitas pengelolaan keuangan desa. Implikasi dari penelitian ini untuk mewujudkan asas pengelolaan keuangan desa yang akuntabel diperlukan SDM yang berkualitas, Badan Permusyawartan Desa bertugas mengawasi secara baik dan selalu melibatkan masyarakat dalam rapat perencanaan pembangunan maupun pelaksanaan pembangunan desa jangka pendek maupun jangka panjang dan mengungkapkan penggunaan dana secara akuntabel dan transparan. ABSTRACTThis study aims to analyze the influence of the quality of human resources, supervision of the Village Consultative Body and community participation on the accountability of village financial management with the village financial system as an intervening variable. This research uses descriptive and verification methods. The population in this study is the village government in Talaga and Maja sub-districts. The data analysis technique used multiple linear regression analysis. The results of this study indicate that the quality of human resources (HR), supervision of the Regional Consultative Body (BPD), community participation, and the village financial system partially have a positive effect on village financial management accountability. The quality of human resources and supervision of the BPD has a positive effect on the accountability of village financial management, while community participation has no effect on the village financial system. The village financial system is able to mediate the quality of human resources, BPD supervision and community participation in the accountability of village financial management. The implication of this research is that to realize the principle of accountable village financial management, quality human resources are needed. The Village Consultative Body is tasked with supervising properly and always involving the community in development planning meetings and implementing short and long-term village development and disclosing the use of funds in an accountable and transparent manner.

Siklus Tata Kelola Organisasi Badan Pemusyawaratan di Desa Sepakat, Kabupaten Kutai Kartanegara

The Law on Villages has shifted the position of the Village Consultative Body (BPD) as an element of village administration to become a village institution. As a village institution, the function and position of the BPD include the village legislature. This regulation also demands changes in organizational governance for BPD, particularly in Sepakat Village (Loa Kulu District, Kutai Kartanegara Regency). This encourages researchers to look at and provide recommendations related to the organizational governance of BPD in Sepakat. The approach used in this service is a qualitative-based descriptive analysis. The process here focuses on four elements. In the first topic of discussion is the organizational structure of the BPD in Sepakat Village, the second is the division of the main tasks and functions of each BPD member, the third includes the standard operating procedure (SOP) for implementing activities and the fourth is the supervision of the BPD. Through data collection with in-depth interviews, it designed the analysis model with five units (checking the data got, reducing data, applying data, namely data processing, analyzing, and drawing conclusions). to get an overview of the field. Practical ideas suggest that there should be regular supervision and training of human resources for BPD of Sepakat Village

PENINGKATAN KINERJA BADAN USAHA MILIK DESA MELALUI PENDAMPINGAN DALAM MANAJEMEN KEUANGAN

ABSTRAKBadan Usaha Milik Desa (BUMDes) Lembu Suro, Desa Genteng Kulon, Kabupaten Banyuwangi, Jawa Timur merupakan badan usaha yang bergerak dalam bidang usaha properti desa yang siap untuk disewakan kepada masyarakat pelaku usaha di Desa Genteng Kulon. Laporan keuangan BUMDes Lembu Suro biasa dilaporkan setiap tahun kepada Kepala Desa dan Badan Permusyawaratan Desa. Namun, kondisi manajemen keuangan BUMDes cukup buruk dengan catatan yang tidak teratur sehingga laporan keuangan tersebut cukup sulit dibaca. Kegiatan pengabdian masyarakat dari Agribisnis Institut Tekonologi dan Bisnis Muhammadiyah Banyuwangi adalah meningkatkan kinerja keuangan BUMDes dengan melakukan audit keuangan untuk melihat pencatatan keuangan BUMDes Lembu Suro sekaligus untuk menemukan kelemahannya sehingga bisa menjadi referensi peningkatan kinerja laporan keuangan BUMDes. Pengabdian masyarakat ini dilakukan dengan metode pengamatan langsung dan diskusi mendalam. Hasil kegiatan ini menunjukkan bahwa pencatatan keuangan sudah dilakukan secara terperinci dan tidak ada kesalahan atau kecurangan. Beberapa kelemahan yang ditemukan yaitu kurangnya kerapian, tidak mempunyai jurnal umum, tidak mempunyai buku besar, penamaan unit yang tidak konsisten, dan transaksi pengeluaran yang tidak detail. Kata kunci: BUMDes, audit, pembukuan ABSTRACTThe Village Owned Enterprise (BUMDes) Lembu Suro, Genteng Kulon Village, Banyuwangi Regency, East Java is a business entity engaged in the village property business that is ready to be rented out to the business community in Genteng Kulon Village. Lembu Suro BUMDes financial reports are usually reported annually to the Village Head and the Village Consultative Body. However, the condition of BUMDes financial management is quite bad with irregular records so that the financial statements are quite difficult to read. The community service activity of the Agribusiness Institute of Technology and Business of Muhammadiyah Banyuwangi is to improve the financial performance of BUMDes by conducting a financial audit to see the financial records of BUMDes Lembu Suro as well as to find weaknesses so that it can be a reference for improving the performance of BUMDes financial statements. This community service is carried out by direct observation and in-depth discussion methods. The results of this activity indicate that the financial records have been carried out in detail and there are no errors or fraud. Some of the weaknesses found were lack of neatness, not having a general journal, not having a general ledger, inconsistent unit naming, and expense transactions that were not detailed. Keywords: BUMDes; audit; bookkeeping.

Kedudukan Badan Permusyawaratan Desa (BPD) Sebagai Lembaga Pengawas Terhadap Kinerja Kepala Desa di Dalam Pemerintahan Desa

Local government is an efficient and effective form of government, because the central government cannot handle all the complex problems of the state. The problem raised in this study is about the authority of the village consultative body as a supervisory agency for the performance of the village head. The purposes of this study are to examine the position of the village consultative body in the village government and the implementation of BPD supervision on the performance of the village head in the village government. The method used is a normative legal research method with a case approach. The technique of data collection is done by literature study. The sources of legal materials used are primary, secondary and tertiary sources of legal materials which are then analyzed systematically. The results of the study indicate that the authority of the village consultative body is to hold meetings with the community to collect their wishes, channel the wishes of the community to the village government both orally and in writing, present the draft Perdes under its authority, monitor and evaluate the performance of the village head, request information on the administration of village governance to the village head. village government, express opinions on the implementation of village governance, carry out village development, promote village communities and empower village communities

The Inconsistency a Village Planning and Budgeting (A Study Muna Regency, Southeast Sulawesi Province)

The consistency between the planning and budgeting processes is a form of implementing good governance in the village. This study aims to analyze the inconsistency of village planning and budgeting in Muna Regency. This study uses a qualitative approach with natural settings and in-depth investigation. This method is carried out by studying village planning and budgeting documents, starting from the process to the output. The study sites were conducted in 15 villages in Muna Regency, which were divided into two regions / locations. Region one consists of 7 villages, which are located on the waterfront. Furthermore, the second area consists of 8 villages located in the mainland area (not by the sea). Secondary data retrieval is limited based on the time period of the budgeting namely the period of the 2016 and 2017 fiscal years. Data collection procedures through document study and focus group discussions. Focus group discussions involve village officials, members of the Village Consultative Body, and the Village Community Empowerment Institute. The results found: first, the implementation of the village planning and budgeting process in Muna District was not entirely consistent. Inconsistency is shown by the activities contained in the Village Budget/Anggaran Pendapatan Belanja Desa (APBDes), but not stated in the Village Government Work Plan/Rencana Kerja Pemerintah Desa (RKPDes) that has been previously determined. Second, village planning and budgeting do not yet have a reciprocal relationship, that is, a plan requires a budget while the budget is nothing but the financial instrument of the plan. Third, the inconsistency between the RKPDes and the ABPDes is intentional, where the motive is the desire to be able to distribute until the ceiling / budget allocation has been determined by giving a greater portion to the interests of the village government.

Betawi arts and culture center with the application of modern tropical architecture

Jakarta is a city with a wide variety of ethnicities, languages and customs. Likewise with the Betawi culture that grew in the city of Jakarta. Jakarta culture must be distinguished from Betawi culture, Betawi people create Betawi culture, while Betawi culture is an element and supporter of Jakarta culture, conveyed by various other cultural elements found in Jakarta. Some other cultures are the cultures of various ethnic groups residing in Jakarta or national and foreign cultures or international cultures. Traditional Betawi art elements that have been known since ancient times and still live among Betawi people to this day, especially in the outskirts of Jakarta include dance, theater, music, literature and puppetry. Seeing Betawi culture in DKI Jakarta that is increasingly fading, Betawi leaders and elders under an organization called the Betawi Consultative Body (Bamus), urged the DKI Jakarta city government to create a container for the preservation and development of Betawi culture on an ongoing basis. With the application of Modern Tropical Architecture which is expected to make the tourist attractions become more modern but does not eliminate the characteristics of the Betawi culture itself.

STRATEGI KEPALA DESA DALAM MENINGKATKAN KINERJA PEGAWAI DI KANTOR DESA NAGARA KECAMATAN KIBIN KABUPATEN SERANG

The Village head is the highest authority in the village and as a formal or informal leader, a leader who is always in the midst of the people. The importance of employee performance in a government organization such as the Nagara Village Office is one element in achieving maximum service goals to the community. Of course, in this case the Nagara Village Head's Strategy is very influential on Employee Performance. However, it is inversely proportional to the performance of this Nagara Village Office employee. Performance that is not optimal will certainly affect services to the community. Of course, people are not satisfied with the services that have been provided by employees. The purpose of this study was to determine the Strategy of the Head of Nagara Village in improving Employee Performance at the Nagara Village Office, Kibin District, Serang Regency. The type of research used by researchers in this study is qualitative research with a descriptive approach based on phenomenological theory. The data collection tool or instrument is the researcher himself who goes directly to the field. Data collection techniques in this study are interviews, observation, documentation, literature. The informants in this study were from employees who worked at the Nagara Village Office, there were 4 informants, namely the Village Head as key informant, KAUR Planning, KASI Services and General KAUR. The results of this study are the Village Office internal routine meetings have been carried out well, although the time is uncertain, it can be once a week or once a month, the organizational structure already exists, the facilities and infrastructure are complete, related to employee discipline is good, for rewards and punishments there are only more benefits if there are employees who excel, the quality of human resources is good, there are already partnerships with other agencies, namely collaborating with the Department of Agriculture and training in the form of training with Village Consultative body.

ARRANGEMENT OF AUTHORITIES AND MECHANISM FOR CANCELLATION OF VILLAGE REGULATIONS IN THE FRAMEWORK OF VILLAGE AUTONOMY IN INDONESIA

Village regulations are statutory regulations established by the village headman after being discussed and agreed with the Village Consultative Body. This study aims to explain the arrangement of authority and the mechanism for canceling village regulations within the framework of village autonomy in Indonesia. The method used in this research is normative legal research, using a statutory approach. Law Number 6 of 2014 concerning Villages regulates the formation of village regulations, but does not regulate the cancellation of village regulations. The cancellation of village regulations is instead regulated in Article 87 of Government Regulation Number 43 of 2014 concerning Implementing Regulations of Law Number 6 of 2014 concerning Villages, which states that village regulations and village head regulations are contrary to the public interest and/or the provisions of laws and regulations that higher is canceled by the regent/mayor. This provision is contrary to Article 9 paragraph (2) of Law Number 12 of 2011 concerning the Establishment of Legislation and is not in accordance with the village autonomy framework as regulated in Law Number 6 of 2014 concerning Villages. The mechanism for canceling village regulations should be carried out through an expanded Village Consultative Body meeting because it is considered to have a sense of justice and the spirit of democracy and is a form of implementation of village autonomy.

Agonist Treatment for Opioid Dependence Syndrome: The Impact of Current Understanding upon Recommendations for Policy Initiatives

The provision of opioid agonist treatments (OATs), as a standard approach towards opioid dependence syndrome, differs widely between countries. In response to access disparities, in 2014, the Council of Europe`s Pompidou Group first brought together an expert group on framework conditions for the treatment of opioid dependence. The group used a Delphi approach to structure their discussions and develop guiding principles for the modernisation of OAT regulations and legislation. The expert group identified some 60 guiding principles, which were then the subject of wide public consultation. Endorsed by Pompidou Group member states, the final report identified four key recommendations: (1) Prescription and delivery without prior authorisation schemes; (2) Effective removal of financial barriers to access to care; (3) Coordination and follow-up by a national consultative body; and (4) Neutral, precise and respectful terminology. During meetings, the expert group hypothesised that inequalities in OAT access are likely to be linked to underlying rationales which in theory are contradictory, but in practice co-exist within the different political frameworks. The present article considers the perceived influence upon different regulatory frameworks. Discussion is centred around the potential impact of underlying rationales upon the effective implementation of a modernised framework.