Urban Location Decisions: (1) Businesses

Atmospheric precipitations can be an important source of nutrients to open and coastal zones of marine ecosystem. Jickells [1] has published that atmospheric depositions can sup-port 5-25% of nitrogen required to primary production. Bulk atmospheric precipitations have been collected in a rural location at the Black Sea Crimean coast – Katsiveli settlement, and an urban location – Sevastopol city. Samples have been analyzed for inorganic fixed nitrogen (IFN) – nitrate, nitrite, and ammonium. Deposi-tions have been calculated at various space and time scales. The monthly volume weighted mean concentration of IFN increases from summer to winter in both locations. A significant local source of IFN has been revealed for the urban location and this source and its spatial influence have been quantified. IFN deposition with atmospheric precipitations is up to 5% of its background content in the upper 10 m layer of water at the north-western shelf of the Black Sea. Considering Redfield C:N ratio (106:16) and the rate of primary production (PP) in coastal areas of the Black Sea of about 100-130 g C m-2 year-1 we have assessed that average atmospheric IFN depositions may intensify primary production by 4.5% for rural locations, but this value is increased many-fold in urban locations due to local IFN sources.

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The Importance of Quality of Life in Brewery Location Decisions

SSRN Electronic Journal ◽

10.2139/ssrn.3248143 ◽

2015 ◽

Author(s):

Katherine Nesse ◽

Brooke Ferguson ◽

Timothy Green

Keyword(s):

Quality Of Life ◽

Location Decisions

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Location Decisions of Foreign Banks and Institutional Competitive Advantage

SSRN Electronic Journal ◽

10.2139/ssrn.904332 ◽

2008 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

Stijn Claessens ◽

Neeltje van Horen

Keyword(s):

Competitive Advantage ◽

Foreign Banks ◽

Location Decisions

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ATMOSPHERIC N DEPOSITION TO THE COASTAL AREA OF THE BLACK SEA: SOURCES, INTRA-ANNUAL VARIATIONS AND IMPORTANCE FOR BIOGEOCHEMISTRY AND PRODUCTIVITY OF THE SURFACE LAYER

Proceedings of International Conference "Managinag risks to coastal regions and communities in a changinag world" (EMECS'11 - SeaCoasts XXVI) ◽

10.21610/conferencearticle_58b43155bc901 ◽

2017 ◽

Author(s):

Alla Varenik ◽

Sergey Konovalov ◽

Sergey Konovalov

Keyword(s):

Primary Production ◽

Black Sea ◽

Marine Ecosystem ◽

C:N Ratio ◽

N Deposition ◽

Local Source ◽

The Black Sea ◽

Coastal Zones ◽

Atmospheric N Deposition ◽

Urban Location

Atmospheric precipitations can be an important source of nutrients to open and coastal zones of marine ecosystem. Jickells [1] has published that atmospheric depositions can sup-port 5-25% of nitrogen required to primary production. Bulk atmospheric precipitations have been collected in a rural location at the Black Sea Crimean coast – Katsiveli settlement, and an urban location – Sevastopol city. Samples have been analyzed for inorganic fixed nitrogen (IFN) – nitrate, nitrite, and ammonium. Deposi-tions have been calculated at various space and time scales. The monthly volume weighted mean concentration of IFN increases from summer to winter in both locations. A significant local source of IFN has been revealed for the urban location and this source and its spatial influence have been quantified. IFN deposition with atmospheric precipitations is up to 5% of its background content in the upper 10 m layer of water at the north-western shelf of the Black Sea. Considering Redfield C:N ratio (106:16) and the rate of primary production (PP) in coastal areas of the Black Sea of about 100-130 g C m-2 year-1 we have assessed that average atmospheric IFN depositions may intensify primary production by 4.5% for rural locations, but this value is increased many-fold in urban locations due to local IFN sources.

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Observation of sub-3nm particles and new particle formation at an urban location in India

Atmospheric Environment ◽

10.1016/j.atmosenv.2021.118460 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 118460

Author(s):

Mathew Sebastian ◽

Vijay P. Kanawade ◽

Jeffrey R. Pierce

Keyword(s):

Particle Formation ◽

New Particle Formation ◽

Urban Location

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Multinational Banks and IMF Conditionality

International Studies Quarterly ◽

10.1093/isq/sqab010 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Trung A Dang ◽

Randall W Stone

Keyword(s):

Political Economy ◽

Investment Decisions ◽

Location Decisions ◽

Preferential Treatment ◽

Firm Level ◽

Financial Firms ◽

Level Data ◽

Firm Level Data ◽

Imf Programs ◽

Investment Location

Abstract We find firm-level evidence that US banks receive preferential treatment in countries under IMF conditionality. We rely on investment location decisions to infer firms’ expectations about future profits and find that US firms are approximately 53 percent more likely to acquire financial firms in countries under financial conditionality. IMF programs without financial conditionality and FDI in other sectors serve as placebo tests. Financial conditionality has weak effects on investment decisions by non-US firms, which implies a political-economy interpretation. Firm-level data indicate that the distinctive behavior of US firms is not due to advantages of scale or to a US-firm fixed effect, but to US influence in the IMF. Firms from other major IMF shareholders benefit as well, but the effects are much weaker. The effects are concentrated in the politically relevant firms that have local affiliates, which is consistent with the interpretation that firms lobby for preferential treatment.

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