CPT & CPTu for ground modification

2020 ◽  
pp. 263-297
Author(s):  
Abolfazl Eslami ◽  
Sara Moshfeghi ◽  
Hossein MolaAbasi ◽  
Mohammad M. Eslami
Keyword(s):  
Ground Modification

Application of surface wave method in assessment of ground modification with improvement columns

2017 ◽  
Vol 142 ◽  
pp. 14-22 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chun-Hung Lin ◽  
Chih-Ping Lin ◽  
Yung-Zheng Dai ◽  
Chih-Jung Chien
Keyword(s):  
Surface Wave ◽  
Wave Method ◽  
Ground Modification ◽  
Surface Wave Method

Ground conditioning for earth pressure balance machine tunneling

2001 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-11
Author(s):  
Christoph Michael Goss
Keyword(s):  
Earth Pressure ◽  
Tunnel Boring Machine ◽  
Soft Ground ◽  
Pressure Balance ◽  
Machine Method ◽  
Tunnel Boring ◽  
Ground Modification ◽  
Earth Pressure Balance ◽  
Earth Pressure Balance Machine

Abstract The objective of this paper is to provide insight to the application of state-of-the-art ground modification technology for Earth Pressure Balance (EPB) soft ground tunneling. The paper reflects data from a wide array of sources including conference proceedings, trade journal articles, manufacturer publications, books and personal experience. The paper first introduces the concept of soft ground tunneling and then discusses the Earth Pressure Balance Tunnel Boring Machine method. The bulk of the paper is spent discussing ground-conditioning agents, particularly foam. Use of, quantities, theory behind them, environmental impact, lab testing, and effects of foams are described. The paper concludes with a brief case study of the Sheppard Subway Twin Tunnels in Toronto, Canada. Attached to the paper is a comprehensive literature search on EPB tunneling, particularly with regards to foam use.

Ground Modification: How Much Improvement?

2007 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. M. Mackiewicz ◽  
W. M. Camp, III
Keyword(s):  
Ground Modification

scholarly journals Improved Estimation of Aboveground Biomass of Disturbed Grassland through Including Bare Ground and Grazing Intensity

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (11) ◽  
pp. 2105
Author(s):  
Yan Shi ◽  
Jay Gao ◽  
Xilai Li ◽  
Jiexia Li ◽  
Daniel Marc G. dela Torre ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Aboveground Biomass ◽  
Vegetation Index ◽  
Grazing Intensity ◽  
Tibet Plateau ◽  
Estimation Accuracy ◽  
Bare Ground ◽  
Estimation Model ◽  
Plateau Pika ◽  
Ground Modification ◽  
Aerial Vehicle

Accurate approaches to aboveground biomass (AGB) estimation are required to support appraisal of the effectiveness of land use measures, which seek to protect grazing-adapted grasslands atop the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau (QTP). This methodological study assesses the effectiveness of one commonly used visible band vegetation index, Red Green Blue Vegetation Index (RGBVI), obtained from unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV), in estimating AGB timely and accurately at the local scale, seeking to improve the estimation accuracy by taking into account in situ collected information on disturbed grassland. Particular emphasis is placed upon the mapping and quantification of areas disturbed by grazing (simulated via mowing) and plateau pika (Ochotona curzoniae) that have led to the emergence of bare ground. The initial model involving only RGBVI performed poorly in AGB estimation by underestimating high AGB by around 10% and overestimating low AGB by about 10%. The estimation model was modified by the mowing intensity ratio and bare ground metrics. The former almost doubled the estimation accuracy from R2 = 0.44 to 0.81. However, this modification caused the bare ground AGB to be overestimated by about 38 and 19 g m−2 for 2018 and 2019, respectively. Although further modification of the model by bare ground metrics improved the accuracy slightly to 0.88, it markedly reduced the overestimation of low AGB values. It is recommended that grazing intensity be incorporated into the micro-scale estimation of AGB, together with the bare ground modification metrics, especially for severely disturbed meadows with a sizable portion of bare ground.

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