Small Animal Spinal Cord Disease

2021 ◽  
pp. 267-311
Author(s):  
Alexander de Lahunta ◽  
Eric Glass ◽  
Marc Kent
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Small Animal ◽  
Spinal Cord Disease

scholarly journals Agreement between transverse T2-weighted and three-dimensional constructive interference in steady state sequences in the evaluation of spinal cord disease in dogs

2018 ◽  
Vol 182 (26) ◽  
pp. 745-745
Author(s):  
Maria Oliveira ◽  
James Fraser McConnell ◽  
Thomas W Maddox ◽  
Daniel Sanchez-Masian ◽  
Rita Gonçalves
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Steady State ◽  
Spin Echo ◽  
Small Animal ◽  
Intensity Change ◽  
Treatment Recommendation ◽  
Categorical Variables ◽  
Constructive Interference ◽  
Spinal Cord Disease ◽  
Ciss Sequence

The constructive interference in steady state (CISS) sequence has been widely used in human neuroimaging. It has been shown to be advantageous in the evaluation of intra-axial and extra-axial cystic abnormalities, arteriovenous and dysraphic malformations and disturbances of cerebrospinal fluid circulation. To assess the utility of this technique in small animals, interpretations based on this sequence were compared with those based on T2-weighted (T2W) sequences in 145 dogs that underwent MRI of the spine for suspected spinal cord disease. Two sets of images (T2W and CISS) were reviewed separately by three observers in random order and intraobserver and interobserver agreements between both sequences were evaluated for several categorical variables. The overall agreement between T2W and CISS sequences was good. The highest agreement was observed for lesion diagnosis (0.739<k<0.928), treatment recommendation (0.715<k<0.833) and degree of spinal cord compression (0.772<k<0.952). The agreement for intramedullary intensity change (0.192<k<0.332) was lower compared with the other variables. Lesions that were predominantly characterised by focal hyperintense parenchymal changes on T2W were in some instances undetected on the CISS sequence while lesions consistent with spinal arachnoid diverticula on CISS sequences were occasionally missed on T2W. CISS enabled demonstration that lesions were directly affecting associated spinal nerves in some cases where T2W sequence was equivocal. Although CISS does not replace standard spin echo sequences, the results support inclusion of this sequence in small animal spinal MRI studies when subarachnoid diverticula or spinal nerve compression is suspected.

Neuropeptide imaging in rat spinal cord with MALDI-TOF MS: Method development for the application in pain-related disease studies

2017 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 105-115 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ping Sui ◽  
Hiroyuki Watanabe ◽  
Konstantin Artemenko ◽  
Wei Sun ◽  
Georgy Bakalkin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Method Development ◽  
Imaging Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Small Animal ◽  
Spinal Cord Tissue ◽  
Rat Spinal Cord ◽  
Maldi Tof Ms ◽  
Maldi Tof ◽  
Imaging Result ◽  
Tof Ms

Spinal cord as a connection between brain and peripheral nervous system is an essential material for studying neural transmission, especially in pain-related research. This study was the first to investigate pain-related neuropeptide distribution in rat spinal cord using a matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight imaging mass spectrometry (MALDI TOF MS) approach. The imaging workflow was evaluated and showed that MALDI TOF MS provides efficient resolution and robustness for neuropeptide imaging in rat spinal cord tissue. The imaging result showed that in naive rat spinal cord the molecular distribution of haeme, phosphatidylcholine, substance P and thymosin beta 4 were well in line with histological features. Three groups of pain-related neuropeptides, which are cleaved from prodynorphin, proenkephalin and protachykinin-1 proteins were detected. All these neuropeptides were found predominantly localized in the dorsal spinal cord and each group had unique distribution pattern. This study set the stage for future MALDI TOF MS application to elucidate signalling mechanism of pain-related diseases in small animal models.

Medical Management of Spinal Cord Disease

1987 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 429-436 ◽  
Author(s):  
Randolph H. Stewart ◽  
Joyce P. Grzffiths
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Medical Management ◽  
Spinal Cord Disease

Magnetic Resonance Imaging of Spinal Cord Disease of Childhood

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1986 ◽  
Vol 78 (2) ◽  
pp. 251-256
Author(s):  
Roger J. Packer ◽  
Robert A. Zimmerman ◽  
Leslie N. Sutton ◽  
Larissa T. Bilaniuk ◽  
Derek A. Bruce ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Vertebral Body ◽  
Congenital Anomalies ◽  
Correct Diagnosis ◽  
Surface Coil ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Spinal Cord Disease ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Mri

Correct diagnosis of spinal cord disease in childhood is often delayed, resulting in irreversible neurologic deficits. A major reason for this delay is the lack of a reliable means to noninvasively visualize the spinal cord. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) should be useful in the evaluation of diseases of the spinal cord. A 1.5 Tesla MRI unit with a surface coil was used to study 41 children, including eight patients with intrinsic spinal cord lesions, eight patients with masses compressing the cord, 12 patients with congenital anomalies of the cord or surrounding bony structures, three patients with syrinxes, and three patients with vertebral body abnormalities. Intrinsic lesions of the cord were well seen in all cases as intrinsic irregularly widened, abnormally intense cord regions. MRI was helpful in following the course of disease in patients with primary spinal cord tumors. Areas of tumor were separable from syrinx cavities. Extrinsic lesions compressing the cord and vertebral body disease were also well visualized. Congenital anomalies of the spinal cord, including tethering and lipomatous tissue, were better seen on MRI than by any other radiographic technique. MRI is an excellent noninvasive "screening" technique for children with suspected spinal cord disease and may be the only study needed in many patients with congenital spinal cord anomalies. It is also an excellent means to diagnose and follow patients with other forms of intra- and extraspinal pathology.

Spinal Cord Disease

2020 ◽  
pp. 717-748
Author(s):  
Ryan Jacobson ◽  
Allison Osen
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Spinal Cord Disease

Stress, internal resources and functioning in a person with spinal cord disease

2010 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 119-130 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claudio Peter ◽  
Alexandra Rauch ◽  
Alarcos Cieza ◽  
Szilvia Geyh
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Internal Resources ◽  
Spinal Cord Disease

Incidence, Presentation, and Outcome of Spinal Cord Disease in Children With Systemic Cancer

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1986 ◽  
Vol 78 (3) ◽  
pp. 438-443
Author(s):  
Donald W. Lewis ◽  
Roger J. Packer ◽  
Beverly Raney ◽  
Ihor W. Rak ◽  
Jean Belasco ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Spinal Cord Compression ◽  
Delayed Diagnosis ◽  
Cord Compression ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Spinal Cord Disease ◽  
Satisfactory Outcome ◽  
First Relapse ◽  
Age Range ◽  
Neurologic Emergency

During a 40-month period, in 24 of 643 (4%) newly diagnosed patients with systemic cancer younger than 18 years of age (range: 3 months to 17 years) spinal cord disease developed. Patients with spinal cord disease included 21 children with metastatic spinal cord compression, two with treatment-related transverse myelopathies, and one with an anterior spinal artery stroke. Spinal cord disease occurred in 13 of 102 children (12%) with sarcomas, six of 82 (7%) with neuroblastomas, and four of 94 (4%) with lymphomas. Spinal cord compression occurred as the presenting sign of malignancy in six children (four with sarcomas and two with lymphomas). In the remaining 15 patients, cord compression occurred a median of 13 months after initial diagnosis, and in four patients it occurred at the time of first relapse. Symptoms of metastatic cord compression included back pain in 17 patients (80%), weakness in 14 (67%), sphincter dysfunction in 12 (57%), and sensory abnormalities in three (14%). Findings on plain radiographs of the spine were abnormal in only seven of 20 patients with cord compression, and myelography was needed to differentiate compression from other causes of spinal cord disease. Treatment included high-dose corticosteroids followed by operation (seven patients) or radiotherapy (14 patients). After treatment, nine of 15 nonambulatory patients became ambulatory, and five of 10 incontinent patients regained sphincter control. None of the patients with nonmetastatic spinal cord disease had a satisfactory outcome. Incorrect and delayed diagnosis was frequent in children with spinal cord disease (median time from onset of symptoms to diagnosis, 2 weeks) and 12 children were paraplegic and ten had loss of sphincter control at diagnosis. Spinal cord disease is a relatively common neurologic emergency in children with cancer, especially in those with sarcoma, and requires immediate investigation and intervention.

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