“Biosensors for heavy metal salt measurements with immobilized enzymes on a Clark electrode”

Previous studies of heavy metal salt-induced acute renal failure demonstrated abnormalities of fluid and solute transport by nephron segments and alterations in glomerular filtration rate and renal hemodynamics. To determine the direct effects of uranyl nitrate (UN) or HgCl2 on ion transport, their effects were studied on the isolated urinary bladder of the turtle. Unidirectional 24Na+ and 36Cl- fluxes were measured across short-circuited bladders. The addition of 0.1 mM UN to the mucosal solution resulted in a 69.9 +/- 4% (SEM) decrease in short-circuit current (SCC) without change in transepithelial resistance. Net Na+ flux (7.95 +/- 0.81 mueq/h per 8 cm2) decreased by the same magnitude as the SCC, primarily due to a 5.75 +/- 0.76 mueq/h per 8 cm2 decrease in the mucosal- (M) to-serosal (S) Na+ flux. Net Cl- flux decreased also primarily due to a decrease in M-to-S Cl- flux. Addition of 0.4 mM UN to S did not measurably affect the SCC or ion fluxes. The addition of 10 muM HgCl2 in another group of bladders reduced SCC and M-to-S Na+ flux by 81 +/- 7% without change in Cl- fluxes or resistance. The removal of either UN or HgCl2 from M by washing did not reverse the decreased SCC, but after washing addition of either dithiothreitol, 2 mM, or amphotericin B, 20 mug/ml, to M completely reversed the effects of UN or HgCl2 on SCC. These studies suggest that heavy metal salts inhibit Na+ transport by the turtle bladder without altering passive ion fluxes.

Download Full-text

Reduced Confusion from Substrate Noise at High Resolution

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s0424820100061227 ◽

1967 ◽

Vol 25 ◽

pp. 242-243

Author(s):

Henry S. Slayter

Keyword(s):

Heavy Metal ◽

Background Noise ◽

Size Range ◽

Metal Salt ◽

Carbon Substrate ◽

Substrate Noise ◽

Structural Elements ◽

Resolution Limit ◽

Biological Objects ◽

Heavy Metal Salt

The background noise contributed by the superposed images of the structural elements of standard carbon substrate films constitutes an important limitation in obtaining effective contrast in electron micrographs. It can be demonstrated that the apparent separation of noise elements decreases as exact focus is approached. The limiting apparent separation is found to be the resolution limit itself. The contrast of images of noise elements is considerable in the range 5 - 30 A, and thus has the effect of masking contrast produced by the deposition (whether specific or non-specific ) of heavy metal salt in biological objects over the same size range. If, however, the image grain size of the substrate can be reduced well below that of the heavy metal stain aggregates, the signal contributed by the latter can be distinguished from the background noise.

Download Full-text

The Behavior of Metal Salt Catalyst on the Liquid Phase Oxidation of p-Xylene Catalysed by Heavy Metal Salt and Bromine Compound

The Journal of the Society of Chemical Industry Japan ◽

10.1246/nikkashi1898.70.7_1259 ◽

1967 ◽

Vol 70 (7) ◽

pp. 1259-1261

Author(s):

Motoo SHIGEYASU

Keyword(s):

Heavy Metal ◽

Liquid Phase ◽

Metal Salt ◽

Liquid Phase Oxidation ◽

Phase Oxidation ◽

Heavy Metal Salt

Download Full-text

Uptake of heavy metal salt solutions by pollen grains of Magnolia × soulangeana (Magnoliaceae)

Canadian Journal of Botany ◽

10.1139/b04-133 ◽

2004 ◽

Vol 82 (12) ◽

pp. 1758-1767 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Augusto M Dinis ◽

José F Mesquita

Keyword(s):

Heavy Metal ◽

Metal Ions ◽

Metal Tolerance ◽

Metal Salt ◽

Generative Cell ◽

Pollen Grains ◽

Salt Solutions ◽

Protein Storage Vacuoles ◽

Cell Components ◽

Heavy Metal Salt

To investigate the role of the plasmalemmic cord in the pollen grains of members of the Magnoliaceae, anthers of Magnolia × soulangeana Soul.-Bod. were incubated for 1, 2.5, and 5 h in lead and lanthanum salt solutions. Ultrastructural analysis revealed differences in the labelling of the pollen grains with the time of exposure to the heavy metal salt, which is likely related to metal tolerance mechanisms operating in the pollen grains. Within 1 h of treatment, both tracers produced a fine precipitate lining the entire vegetative cell (VC) plasmalemma (including the plasmalemmic cord) as well as the generative cell (GC) plasmalemma. Heavy deposits were not found inside both the VC and the GC. At later times, the amount of heavy deposits increased on the pollen wall surface and, particularly, in the two outer intine layers. Also, heavy deposits were found in membrane-bound cell components of the VC and the GC, but never in the cytosol. In the VC, the cell components more frequently labelled were the protein storage vacuoles. In both pollen cells, multivesicular bodies, dictyosome cisternae, and small vesicles were also labelled. We hypothesize that the latter organelles participate in the metal ions accumulation (end of the trip), together with the protein vacuoles, or in the transport of metal ions to the vacuoles following the endocytotic uptake of these ions. The presence of both coated and uncoated pits and vesicles in the treated and the untreated pollen reinforces the latter hypothesis. Another significant result was that the tracers, after diffusing through the microchannels in the exine and crossing the intine layers, moved through the plasmalemmic cord to reach the GC periplasm. We suggest that the plasmalemmic cord may provide a system of communication for the flux of solutes from the anther loculus to both pollen cells and (or) from the VC to the GC.Key words: pollen grain, ultrastructure, metal uptake, metal tolerance, lead nitrate, lanthanum nitrate.

Download Full-text

INFLUENCE OF METHYL-p-HYDROXYBENZOATE, CHLORTETRACYCLINE, AND CERTAIN TRACE METALS ON GERMINATION OF UREDOSPORES OF MELAMPSORA OCCIDENTALS JACKS.

Canadian Journal of Microbiology ◽

10.1139/m55-041 ◽

1955 ◽

Vol 1 (5) ◽

pp. 293-298 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Franziska L. M. Turel

Keyword(s):

Heavy Metal ◽

Trace Metals ◽

Metal Salt ◽

Maximum Effect ◽

Nickel Salt ◽

Distilled Water ◽

Optimal Temperature ◽

Nickel Ions ◽

Heavy Metal Salt

Less than 1% of the uredospores of Melampsora occidentalis Jacks., a poplar rust, germinated on distilled water. However 31% of the spores germinated on a solution of 80 p.p.m. of methyl-p-hydroxybenzoate at the optimal temperature of 15°–16 °C. When cobalt or nickel ions were added, further increases of 4 and 14% germination were obtained. The maximum effect (60% germination) was found with optimum amounts of methyl-p-hydroxybenzoate, nickel salt, and 25 p.p.m. chlortetracycline in combination, although the antibiotic and the heavy metal salt had no effect by themselves. No spore stimulation was found with compounds related to methyl-p-hydroxybenzoate and with other rust species.

Download Full-text

A suicidal heavy metal poisoning mimicking corrosive acid poisoning: A rare case report

Indian Journal of Forensic and Community Medicine ◽

10.18231/j.ijfcm.2021.049 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 8 (4) ◽

pp. 242-250

Author(s):

Narayanan S ◽

Ramalingam S ◽

R Narendar

Keyword(s):

Heavy Metal ◽

Case Report ◽

Metal Salt ◽

Forensic Toxicology ◽

Heavy Metal Poisoning ◽

Metal Poisoning ◽

Psychic Disorders ◽

Rare Case Report ◽

Serious Injuries ◽

Heavy Metal Salt

Ingestion of corrosive substances may cause severe to serious injuries of the upper aero-digestive tractand the poisoning can even result in death. Acute corrosive intoxications pose a major problem in clinical toxicology since the most commonly affected population are the young with psychic disorders, suicidal intent and alcohol addiction. In our case report, a 19-year-old male, 2year engineering student committed suicide by consuming a heavy metal salt available in his chemistry lab after leaving a suicidal note. He got treated in a private hospital for 2 days and later he succumbed due to poisoning. Though the findings of this heavy metal poisoning mimicks corrosive acid poisoning, it has to be viewed through the eye of forensic toxicology for a clear view in clinching the diagnosis in the earlier phase of treatment.

Download Full-text