scholarly journals Variations in structure of the outflow tract of the human embryonic heart: A new hypothesis for generating bicuspid aortic semilunar valves

2017 ◽  
Vol 211 ◽  
pp. 88-103 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nadine C. Milos ◽  
Derek B. Nordstrom ◽  
Ivano Ongaro ◽  
Ava K. Chow
Keyword(s):  
Embryonic Heart ◽  
Outflow Tract ◽  
Semilunar Valves ◽  
New Hypothesis

scholarly journals Endothelial Notch1 Is Required for Proper Development of the Semilunar Valves and Cardiac Outflow Tract

2016 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sara N. Koenig ◽  
Kevin Bosse ◽  
Uddalak Majumdar ◽  
Elizabeth M. Bonachea ◽  
Freddy Radtke ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Outflow Tract ◽  
Semilunar Valves ◽  
Cardiac Outflow

Wall Motion Influences Flow Pattern in the Outflow Tract of the Chick Embryonic Heart Tube

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aiping Liu ◽  
Ruikang Wang ◽  
Kent Thornburg ◽  
Sandra Rugonyi
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Heart Development ◽  
Muscle Layer ◽  
Distal Region ◽  
Embryonic Heart ◽  
Outflow Tract ◽  
Flow Dynamics ◽  
Heart Tube ◽  
Blood Flow Dynamics ◽  
Heart Functions

The outflow tract (OFT) of the chick embryonic heart offers a good model system to study the association between blood flow dynamics and cardiac morphogenesis in early heart development. At early stages, the chick heart is a looped tube without valves. The OFT, the distal region of the heart, functions as a primitive valve [1]. The OFT is a slightly curved tube with three-layered wall (Fig. 1 (A) and (B)): the myocardium, an external muscle layer that actively contracts; the endocardium, an inner endothelial layer that directly contacts blood; in between the cardiac jelly, an extracellular matrix layer. The OFT undergoes complex morphogenesis, eventually leading to the development of semilunar valves, and this morphogenesis is sensitive to blood flow dynamics.

scholarly journals Blood flow through the embryonic heart outflow tract during cardiac looping in HH13–HH18 chicken embryos

2015 ◽  
Vol 12 (111) ◽  
pp. 20150652 ◽  
Author(s):  
Madeline Midgett ◽  
Venkat Keshav Chivukula ◽  
Calder Dorn ◽  
Samantha Wallace ◽  
Sandra Rugonyi
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Cardiac Development ◽  
Structural Information ◽  
Blood Flow Rate ◽  
Embryonic Heart ◽  
Outflow Tract ◽  
Cardiac Looping ◽  
Chicken Embryos ◽  
Normal Blood Flow ◽  
Flow Through

Blood flow is inherently linked to embryonic cardiac development, as haemodynamic forces exerted by flow stimulate mechanotransduction mechanisms that modulate cardiac growth and remodelling. This study evaluated blood flow in the embryonic heart outflow tract (OFT) during normal development at each stage between HH13 and HH18 in chicken embryos, in order to characterize changes in haemodynamic conditions during critical cardiac looping transformations. Two-dimensional optical coherence tomography was used to simultaneously acquire both structural and Doppler flow images, in order to extract blood flow velocity and structural information and estimate haemodynamic measures. From HH13 to HH18, peak blood flow rate increased by 2.4-fold and stroke volume increased by 2.1-fold. Wall shear rate (WSR) and lumen diameter data suggest that changes in blood flow during HH13–HH18 may induce a shear-mediated vasodilation response in the OFT. Embryo-specific four-dimensional computational fluid dynamics modelling at HH13 and HH18 complemented experimental observations and indicated heterogeneous WSR distributions over the OFT. Characterizing changes in haemodynamics during cardiac looping will help us better understand the way normal blood flow impacts proper cardiac development.

scholarly journals Changes in dynamic embryonic heart wall motion in response to outflow tract banding measured using video densitometry

2016 ◽  
Vol 21 (11) ◽  
pp. 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephanie Stovall ◽  
Madeline Midgett ◽  
Kent Thornburg ◽  
Sandra Rugonyi
Keyword(s):  
Wall Motion ◽  
Embryonic Heart ◽  
Outflow Tract ◽  
Heart Wall Motion ◽  
Video Densitometry ◽  
Heart Wall

scholarly journals Pulmonary endoderm, second heart field and the morphogenesis of distal outflow tract in mouse embryonic heart

2014 ◽  
Vol 56 (4) ◽  
pp. 276-292 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shi Liang ◽  
Hui-Chao Li ◽  
Yun-Xiu Wang ◽  
Shan-Shan Wu ◽  
Yu-Jin Cai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Embryonic Heart ◽  
Outflow Tract ◽  
Second Heart Field ◽  
Heart Field

Changes in Biomechanical Environment of Cardiac Cells in Chick Embryos After Cardiac Outflow Tract Banding

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aiping Liu ◽  
Kent Thornburg ◽  
Ruikang Wang ◽  
Sandra Rugonyi
Keyword(s):  
Shear Stress ◽  
Wall Shear Stress ◽  
Heart Development ◽  
Heart Defects ◽  
Embryonic Heart ◽  
Outflow Tract ◽  
Cardiac Cells ◽  
Cyclic Stretch ◽  
Chick Embryos ◽  
And Function

Embryonic cardiac cells are constantly exposed to biomechanical environments including cyclic stretch and wall shear stress (WSS), which regulate behaviors of cardiac cells, critical to heart development and function [1]. Disturbances in biomechanical environment may contribute to the heart defects that affect 1% of newborns each year in US. However, changes in the biomechanical signals that affect heart development remain undescribed, partly due to a lack of methodology to quantify the biomechanical environment in the embryonic heart.

scholarly journals 4D subject-specific inverse modeling of the chick embryonic heart outflow tract hemodynamics

2015 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 723-743 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sevan Goenezen ◽  
Venkat Keshav Chivukula ◽  
Madeline Midgett ◽  
Ly Phan ◽  
Sandra Rugonyi
Keyword(s):  
Inverse Modeling ◽  
Embryonic Heart ◽  
Outflow Tract ◽  
Subject Specific
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