On the growth of Al2O3 scales

2013 ◽  
Vol 61 (18) ◽  
pp. 6670-6683 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.H. Heuer ◽  
T. Nakagawa ◽  
M.Z. Azar ◽  
D.B. Hovis ◽  
J.L. Smialek ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
JOM ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 61 (7) ◽  
pp. 51-55 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Y. Hou ◽  
A. P. Paulikas ◽  
B. W. Veal

2011 ◽  
Vol 366 ◽  
pp. 40-44 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ping Yu ◽  
Long Shi ◽  
Wen Wang ◽  
Fu Hui Wang

The oxidation behavior of K38 alloy with 0, 0.05, 0.1, 0.5wt% yttrium concentrations has been investigated during exposures in air at 1173K for 100 hours. The results indicated that Cr2O3 and TiO2 scale mainly formed on the surface of the alloy without yttrium. Yttrium addition promoted the selective oxidation of aluminum and reduced the internal oxidation. The alloy with 0.1 wt.% yttrium addition exhibits excellent oxidation behavior among the four types of the alloys for its decreasing the oxidation rate and forming more continuous and compact Al2O3 scales. Yttrium-rich phase formed in the alloy with 0.5wt.% yttrium, result in a negative effect on the oxidation resistance of cast alloys.


Author(s):  
K. B. Alexander ◽  
B. A. Pint

In order to improve oxidation resistance, small quantities of certain oxygen-active or “reactive” elements (RE) such as Y, Zr, Hf, or Ce are added to chromia- and alumina-forming high temperature alloys. Many theories have been proposed to explain the effects of RE additions, with a number of these theories including some aspect of the observed segregation of RE ions to oxide scale grain boundaries and the metalscale interface. The RE-ion segregation to the scale grain boundaries has been proposed to affect the oxidation behavior by suppressing cation transport along grain boundaries. It has been demonstrated that the quantity of RE segregation at α-Al2O3 scale grain boundaries varies with oxidation time and temperature and is greatly affected by the formation of RE-rich oxide particles in the scale (particularly at the gas interface). A previous study of scale formation on Y-implanted β-NiAl found that the Y implant had only a short-term (<1 h) effect at high temperatures.


1989 ◽  
Vol 32 (5-6) ◽  
pp. 371-378 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lori Mc C. Kingsley ◽  
J. Stringer
Keyword(s):  

1987 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 164-167 ◽  
Author(s):  
James L. Smialek
Keyword(s):  

Author(s):  
J. K. Tien ◽  
F. S. Pettit

It is well documented that the adherence of protective oxide scales to alloy substrates is significantly improved by small alloy additions of such less-common elements as yttrium. This important effect is little understood, however. The lack of structural data is believed to be the major reason for this lack of understanding. Accordingly, we are determining the oxide scale and substrate morphologies of model oxidation resistant alloys. In what follows, we present and discuss the structural details of the nonadherent Al2O3 scale on Fe-25Cr-4Al (wt pct) and the adherent Al2O3 scale on the same alloy with about 0.1 wt pet yttrium or scandium.The Al2O3 scales are developed by oxidizing these alloys in air at 1200°C. Upon cooling, the nonadherent scale spalls-off as a result of thermal stresses and is immediately ready for examination. The adherent oxide scales had to be extracted by the preferential dissolution of the alloy substrates in a bromine-methanol solution, which does not in any way affect the structure of Al2O3. The scales are then examined by scanning and replication electron microscopy. Figures 1, 2 and 3 are the top (gas surface), side and bottom views of these Al2O3 scales, respectively.


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