Reconciling annual nitrous oxide emissions of an intensively grazed dairy pasture determined by eddy covariance and emission factors

2020 ◽  
Vol 287 ◽  
pp. 106646 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anne R. Wecking ◽  
Aaron M. Wall ◽  
Lìyĭn L. Liáng ◽  
Stuart B. Lindsey ◽  
Jiafa Luo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nitrous Oxide ◽  
Eddy Covariance ◽  
Emission Factors ◽  
Nitrous Oxide Emissions

Nitrous oxide emissions from fertilised UK arable soils: Fluxes, emission factors and mitigation

2015 ◽  
Vol 212 ◽  
pp. 134-147 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.J. Bell ◽  
N. Hinton ◽  
J.M. Cloy ◽  
C.F.E. Topp ◽  
R.M. Rees ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nitrous Oxide ◽  
Emission Factors ◽  
Nitrous Oxide Emissions ◽  
Arable Soils

Climate- and crop-responsive emission factors significantly alter estimates of current and future nitrous oxide emissions from fertilizer use

2005 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. 1522-1536 ◽  
Author(s):  
Helen C. Flynn ◽  
Jo Smith ◽  
Keith A. Smith ◽  
Jim Wright ◽  
Pete Smith ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nitrous Oxide ◽  
Emission Factors ◽  
Nitrous Oxide Emissions ◽  
Fertilizer Use

Methane, nitrous oxide and ammonia emissions from pigs housed on litter and from stockpiling of spent litter

2016 ◽  
Vol 56 (9) ◽  
pp. 1390 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. A. Phillips ◽  
S. G. Wiedemann ◽  
T. A. Naylor ◽  
E. J. McGahan ◽  
B. R. Warren ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nitrous Oxide ◽  
Emission Factors ◽  
Mitigation Strategies ◽  
Effluent Treatment ◽  
Nitrous Oxide Emissions ◽  
Infrared Spectrometry ◽  
Target Area ◽  
Ammonia Emissions ◽  
South Wales ◽  
Volatile Solids

Mitigation of agricultural greenhouse gas emissions is a target area for the Australian Government and the pork industry. The present study measured methane (CH4), nitrous oxide (N2O) and ammonia (NH3) from a deep-litter piggery and litter stockpile over two trials in southern New South Wales, to compare emissions from housing pigs on deep litter with those of pigs from conventional housing with uncovered anaerobic effluent-treatment ponds. Emissions were measured using open-path Fourier transform infrared spectrometry, in conjunction with a backward Lagrangian stochastic model. Manure excretion was determined by mass balance and emission factors (EFs) were developed to report emissions relative to volatile solids and nitrogen (N) input. Nitrous oxide emissions per animal unit (1 AU = 500 kg liveweight) from deep-litter sheds were negligible in winter, and 8.4 g/AU.day in summer. Ammonia emissions were 39.1 in winter and 52.2 g/AU.day in summer, while CH4 emissions were 16.1 and 21.6 g/AU.day in winter and summer respectively. Emission factors averaged from summer and winter emissions showed a CH4 conversion factor of 3.6%, an NH3-N EF of 10% and a N2O-N EF of 0.01 kg N2O-N/kg N excreted. For the litter stockpile, the simple average of summer and winter showed an EF for NH3-N of 14%, and a N2O-N EF of 0.02 kg N2O-N/kg-N of spent litter added to the stockpile. We observed a 66% and 80% decrease in emissions from the manure excreted in litter-based housing with litter stockpiling or without litter stockpiling, compared with conventional housing with an uncovered anaerobic effluent-treatment pond. This provides a sound basis for mitigation strategies that utilise litter-based housing as an alternative to conventional housing with uncovered anaerobic effluent-treatment ponds.

scholarly journals Indirect nitrous oxide emissions: Revised emission factors

2005 ◽  
Vol 2 (2-3) ◽  
pp. 153-158 ◽  
Author(s):  
David S. Reay ◽  
Keith A. Smith ◽  
Anthony C. Edwards ◽  
Kevin M. Hiscock ◽  
Liang F. Dong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nitrous Oxide ◽  
Emission Factors ◽  
Nitrous Oxide Emissions

scholarly journals Soil Management Practices to Mitigate Nitrous Oxide Emissions and Inform Emission Factors in Arid Irrigated Specialty Crop Systems

Soil Systems ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 76
Author(s):  
Xia Zhu-Barker ◽  
Mark Easter ◽  
Amy Swan ◽  
Mary Carlson ◽  
Lucas Thompson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nitrous Oxide ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Ghg Emissions ◽  
Soil Management ◽  
Emission Factors ◽  
Nitrous Oxide Emissions ◽  
Specialty Crops ◽  
Specialty Crop ◽  
The Impact

Greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from arid irrigated agricultural soil in California have been predicted to represent 8% of the state’s total GHG emissions. Although specialty crops compose the majority of the state’s crops in both economic value and land area, the portion of GHG emissions contributed by them is still highly uncertain. Current and emerging soil management practices affect the mitigation of those emissions. Herein, we review the scientific literature on the impact of soil management practices in California specialty crop systems on GHG nitrous oxide emissions. As such studies from most major specialty crop systems in California are limited, we focus on two annual and two perennial crops with the most data from the state: tomato, lettuce, wine grapes and almond. Nitrous oxide emission factors were developed and compared to Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) emission factors, and state-wide emissions for these four crops were calculated for specific soil management practices. Dependent on crop systems and specific management practices, the emission factors developed in this study were either higher, lower or comparable to IPCC emission factors. Uncertainties caused by low gas sampling frequency in these studies were identified and discussed. These uncertainties can be remediated by robust and standardized estimates of nitrous oxide emissions from changes in soil management practices in California specialty crop systems. Promising practices to reduce nitrous oxide emissions and meet crop production goals, pertinent gaps in knowledge on this topic and limitations of this approach are discussed.

Estimating nitrous oxide emissions from a dairy farm using a mechanistic, whole farm model and segregated emission factors for New Zealand

Soil Research ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 50 (3) ◽  
pp. 188 ◽  
Author(s):  
Iris Vogeler ◽  
Pierre Beukes ◽  
Alvaro Romera ◽  
Rogerio Cichota
Keyword(s):  
Nitrous Oxide ◽  
New Zealand ◽  
Dairy Farm ◽  
Emission Factors ◽  
Nitrous Oxide Emissions ◽  
N2o Emissions ◽  
Nitrification Inhibitors ◽  
Cart Analysis ◽  
Farm Model ◽  
Farm Scale

Nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions from agriculture are generally estimated using default IPCC emission factors (EFs) despite the large variation in measured EFs. We used a classification and regression tree (CART) analysis to segregate measured EFs from direct emissions from urine patches and fertiliser and effluent applications, based on temporal and site-specific factors. These segregated EFs were linked to simulations from the DairyNZ Whole Farm Model to obtain N2O emissions for a typical pasture-based dairy farm in New Zealand. The N2O emissions from urine patches, dung pads, and fertiliser and effluent application, as well as from indirect sources, were aggregated to obtain total N2O emissions for the farm-scale. The results, based on segregated EFs, were compared with those obtained using New Zealand-specific EFs. On-farm N2O emissions based on these segregated EFs were 5% lower than those based on New Zealand-specific EFs. Improved farm management by avoiding grazing, effluent, and N fertiliser application during periods of high risk for N2O emissions, or by the use of mitigation technologies such as nitrification inhibitors, could reduce annual farm scale N2O emissions.

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