Body size, age, growth and alternative mating tactics in toads: satellite males are smaller but not younger than calling males

2005 ◽  
Vol 70 (3) ◽  
pp. 663-671 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher J. Leary ◽  
Douglas J. Fox ◽  
Donald B. Shepard ◽  
Apryl M. Garcia
Keyword(s):  
Body Size ◽  
Alternative Mating Tactics ◽  
Mating Tactics ◽  
Satellite Males

Effects of timing of nest entry and body size on the fertilization success of alternative male reproductive phenotypes of masu salmon (Oncorhynchus masou)

2008 ◽  
Vol 86 (10) ◽  
pp. 1121-1130 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Watanabe ◽  
S. Takamura ◽  
K. Maekawa
Keyword(s):  
Body Size ◽  
Parentage Analysis ◽  
Fertilization Success ◽  
Masu Salmon ◽  
Mature Male ◽  
Alternative Mating Tactics ◽  
Oncorhynchus Masou ◽  
Mating Tactics ◽  
Mature Male Parr ◽  
Masu Salmon Oncorhynchus Masou

Using a natural population of masu salmon ( Oncorhynchus masou (Brevoort, 1856)) in a stream of Shikaribetsu Lake, Hokkaido, Japan, we combined behavioural observations with genetic parentage analysis to explore the factors affecting fertilization success achieved by alternative mating tactics (fighting by large migratory males and sneaking by small mature male parr). Larger males gained priority access to females; migrant males do this by holding a guarding position near the nesting female and mature male parr do this by adopting sneaker behaviour and attending spawning groups. Status of mature male parr was related to success of nest entry but not to timing of nest entry, although the timing of nest entry influenced fertilization success of sneakers and ejaculation simultaneous with pair spawning was needed for fertilization by sneakers. The relative body size of each male who successfully spawned with a female is also likely to determine the proportion of eggs he fertilized because larger males have larger ejaculate. These results provide insight into factors relating to variation in fertilization success, how body size dimorphisms may be related to fitness, and evolution of alternative mating tactics.

Female mimicry and an enhanced sexually selected trait: what does it take to fool a male?

Behaviour ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 147 (11) ◽  
pp. 1443-1460 ◽  
Author(s):  
Molly Morris ◽  
Abby Darrah ◽  
Oscar Rios-Cardenas
Keyword(s):  
Body Size ◽  
Male Competition ◽  
Alternative Mating Tactics ◽  
Mating Tactics ◽  
Pigment Pattern ◽  
Swordtail Fish ◽  
Female Mimicry

AbstractFemale mimicry is commonly considered in the context of alternative mating tactics as mimics can avoid male–male competition to gain increased access to females. We describe a case where one of the benefits to being a female mimic could be the increase in size of a sexually selected trait that should eventually decrease the mimics' ability to fool males. In the swordtail fish Xiphophorus nezahualcoyotl, a small percentage of males have a permanent pigment pattern known as 'false brood spot' (FBS), express a horizontal bar pigment pattern common for females, and yet have longer swords (a sexually selected trait) for their body size. FBS males did not use more 'coercive' behaviours in the field, and females do not appear to distinguish between males based on whether or not they have FBS in the laboratory. However, in the field males with FBS were chased less by other males, spent significantly more time feeding, and those that expressed the horizontal bar had greater access to females. We suggest that FBS males with swords can still fool other males into thinking they are females because the true brood spot remains informative as long as the frequency of FBS males (mimics) remains low.

scholarly journals Correlates of reproductive success within alternative mating tactics of the common shrew

1996 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 334-340 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paula Stockley ◽  
Jeremy B. Searle ◽  
David W. Macdonald ◽  
Catherine S. Jones
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive Success ◽  
Common Shrew ◽  
Alternative Mating Tactics ◽  
Mating Tactics ◽  
The Common

scholarly journals Experience does not alter alternative mating tactics in the burying beetle Nicrophorus vespilloides

2008 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 153-159 ◽  
Author(s):  
Craig A. Walling ◽  
Clare E. Stamper ◽  
Claire L. Salisbury ◽  
Allen J. Moore
Keyword(s):  
Alternative Mating Tactics ◽  
Burying Beetle ◽  
Mating Tactics ◽  
Nicrophorus Vespilloides

Standard Examples

2020 ◽  
pp. 27-62
Author(s):  
John M. McNamara ◽  
Olof Leimar
Keyword(s):  
Game Theory ◽  
Conflict Of Interest ◽  
Coordination Games ◽  
Evolutionary Stability ◽  
Alternative Mating Tactics ◽  
Mating Tactics ◽  
Aggressive Interactions ◽  
Kin Competition ◽  
Chapter Deal ◽  
The Commons

Standard examples in biological game theory are introduced. The degree of cooperation at evolutionary stability is analysed in models that deal with situations such as the Prisoner’s Dilemma, the Tragedy of the Commons and the conflict of interest between parents over care of their common young. Several models of aggressive interactions are treated in this book. In this chapter the Hawk–Dove game, which is the simplest of these models, is analysed. Further models in the chapter deal with the situation in which individuals vary in their fighting ability and the situation in which information about the opponent is available before an individual decides whether to be aggressive. The problem of the allocation of resources to sons versus daughters has played a central role in biological game theory. This chapter introduces the basic theory, as well as a model in which the environmental temperature affects the development of the sexes differentially, so that at evolutionary stability the sex of offspring is determined by this temperature. Coordination games, alternative mating tactics, dispersal to avoid kin competition, and the idea that signals can evolve from cues are also introduced.

Diving behaviour during the breeding season in the terrestrially breeding male grey seal: implications for alternative mating tactics

2003 ◽  
Vol 81 (6) ◽  
pp. 1025-1033 ◽  
Author(s):  
Damian C Lidgard ◽  
Daryl J Boness ◽  
W Don Bowen ◽  
Jim I McMillan
Keyword(s):  
Nova Scotia ◽  
Reproductive Success ◽  
Breeding Season ◽  
Foraging Behaviour ◽  
Diving Behaviour ◽  
Halichoerus Grypus ◽  
Phenotypic Traits ◽  
Alternative Mating Tactics ◽  
Grey Seal ◽  
Mating Tactics

We examined the diving behaviour of breeding male grey seals (Halichoerus grypus) at Sable Island, Nova Scotia, from 1997 to 2001. The proportion of time spent at sea varied between 0 and 78% (N = 30). Males engaged in deep (43.4 ± 3.3 m (mean ± SE), N = 27) diving, and these dives were clustered into bouts, which mostly occurred during long trips (62.2 ± 14.7 h). We suggest that males spent time foraging during deep dives. Shallow diving (5.9 ± 0.1 m, N = 27) accounted for 40.8% of dives, which were also clustered into bouts that mostly occurred during short trips (2.1 ± 0.37 h). We suggest that shallow diving comprised a suite of behaviours, but included little foraging behaviour. Phenotypic traits had little influence on diving behaviour. Further work is required to understand the extent to which foraging behaviour enhances reproductive success, and whether shallow diving is a component of the mating tactics of male grey seals at Sable Island.

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