Numerical analysis of wave effect on steam–air condensation on a vertical surface

The present study examines the influence of heated, horizontal, and rotatable louvers on the convective and radiative heat transfer from a heated or cooled vertical isothermal surface. The system represents an irradiated Venetian blind adjacent to the indoor surface of a window. Detailed heat transfer results were obtained using a steady, laminar, two-dimensional, conjugate conduction/convection/radiation finite element model for two window temperatures (warm and cool compared to ambient) and irradiation levels, two louver to surface spacings, and three louver angles. The effect of the heated louvers on the heat transfer rate from the surface has been demonstrated.

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Numerical analysis for magnetohydrodynamic chemically reacting and radiating fluid past a non-isothermal uniformly moving vertical surface adjacent to a porous regime

Ain Shams Engineering Journal ◽

10.1016/j.asej.2014.02.005 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 5 (3) ◽

pp. 923-933 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

Sahin Ahmed

Keyword(s):

Numerical Analysis ◽

Vertical Surface ◽

Chemically Reacting

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The method of replication affects metal film granularity and resolution

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s0424820100155517 ◽

1989 ◽

Vol 47 ◽

pp. 708-709

Author(s):

George C. Ruben

Keyword(s):

Electron Beam ◽

High Resolution ◽

Film Thickness ◽

Single Molecule ◽

Metal Film ◽

Vertical Surface ◽

High Resolution Imaging ◽

Controllable Factors ◽

Resolution Imaging

Single molecule resolution in electron beam sensitive, uncoated, noncrystalline materials has been impossible except in thin Pt-C replicas ≤ 150Å) which are resistant to the electron beam destruction. Previously the granularity of metal film replicas limited their resolution to ≥ 20Å. This paper demonstrates that Pt-C film granularity and resolution are a function of the method of replication and other controllable factors. Low angle 20° rotary , 45° unidirectional and vertical 9.7±1 Å Pt-C films deposited on mica under the same conditions were compared in Fig. 1. Vertical replication had a 5A granularity (Fig. 1c), the highest resolution (table), and coated the whole surface. 45° replication had a 9Å granulartiy (Fig. 1b), a slightly poorer resolution (table) and did not coat the whole surface. 20° rotary replication was unsuitable for high resolution imaging with 20-25Å granularity (Fig. 1a) and resolution 2-3 times poorer (table). Resolution is defined here as the greatest distance for which the metal coat on two opposing faces just grow together, that is, two times the apparent film thickness on a single vertical surface.

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