Masked conceptual priming of recognition memory: Conceptual fluency attribution or study-test semantic context match?

2019 ◽  
Vol 137 ◽  
pp. 103640
Author(s):  
Carmen F. Ionita ◽  
Deborah Talmi ◽  
Jason R. Taylor
Keyword(s):  
Recognition Memory ◽  
Semantic Context ◽  
Conceptual Priming ◽  
Conceptual Fluency ◽  
Study Test

Learning From (Test) Experience

2020 ◽  
Vol 228 (4) ◽  
pp. 264-277 ◽  
Author(s):  
Evan E. Mitton ◽  
Chris M. Fiacconi
Keyword(s):  
Recognition Memory ◽  
Test Performance ◽  
Memory Performance ◽  
Judgments Of Learning ◽  
Visual Images ◽  
Memory Tests ◽  
Recognition Memory Performance ◽  
Study Test ◽  
Explicit Feedback

Abstract. To date there has been relatively little research within the domain of metamemory that examines how individuals monitor their performance during memory tests, and whether the outcome of such monitoring informs subsequent memory predictions for novel items. In the current study, we sought to determine whether spontaneous monitoring of test performance can in fact help individuals better appreciate their memory abilities, and in turn shape future judgments of learning (JOLs). Specifically, in two experiments we examined recognition memory for visual images across three study-test cycles, each of which contained novel images. We found that across cycles, participants’ JOLs did in fact increase, reflecting metacognitive sensitivity to near-perfect levels of recognition memory performance. This finding suggests that individuals can and do monitor their test performance in the absence of explicit feedback, and further underscores the important role that test experience can play in shaping metacognitive evaluations of learning and remembering.

scholarly journals Is Pupil Activity Associated With the Strength of Memory Signal for Words in a Continuous Recognition Memory Paradigm?

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jorge Oliveira ◽  
Marta Fernandes ◽  
Pedro J. Rosa ◽  
Pedro Gamito
Keyword(s):  
Retention Interval ◽  
Recognition Memory ◽  
Pupil Size ◽  
Time Course ◽  
Recognition Performance ◽  
Recognition Task ◽  
Subjective Feeling ◽  
Consistent Finding ◽  
Pupillary Responses ◽  
Study Test

Research on pupillometry provides an increasing evidence for associations between pupil activity and memory processing. The most consistent finding is related to an increase in pupil size for old items compared with novel items, suggesting that pupil activity is associated with the strength of memory signal. However, the time course of these changes is not completely known, specifically, when items are presented in a running recognition task maximizing interference by requiring the recognition of the most recent items from a sequence of old/new items. The sample comprised 42 healthy participants who performed a visual word recognition task under varying conditions of retention interval. Recognition responses were evaluated using behavioral variables for discrimination accuracy, reaction time, and confidence in recognition decisions. Pupil activity was recorded continuously during the entire experiment. The results suggest a decrease in recognition performance with increasing study-test retention interval. Pupil size decreased across retention intervals, while pupil old/new effects were found only for words recognized at the shortest retention interval. Pupillary responses consisted of a pronounced early pupil constriction at retrieval under longer study-test lags corresponding to weaker memory signals. However, the pupil size was also sensitive to the subjective feeling of familiarity as shown by pupil dilation to false alarms (new items judged as old). These results suggest that the pupil size is related not only to the strength of memory signal but also to subjective familiarity decisions in a continuous recognition memory paradigm.

scholarly journals Divided Attention Selectively Impairs Value-Directed Encoding

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Blake L. Elliott ◽  
Gene A. Brewer
Keyword(s):  
Recognition Memory ◽  
Divided Attention ◽  
Articulatory Suppression ◽  
Random Number ◽  
Memory Task ◽  
Random Number Generation ◽  
Attention Task ◽  
Number Generation ◽  
Divided Attention Task ◽  
Study Test

In the present study, we examined the effect of value-directed encoding on recognition memory and how various divided attention tasks at encoding alter value-directed remembering. In the first experiment, participants encoded words that were assigned either high or low point values in multiple study-test phases. The points corresponded to the value the participants could earn by successfully recognizing the words in an upcoming recognition memory task. Importantly, participants were instructed that their goal was to maximize their score in this memory task. The second experiment was modified such that while studying the words participants simultaneously completed a divided attention task (either articulatory suppression or random number generation). The third experiment used a non-verbal tone detection divided attention task (easy or difficult versions). Subjective states of recollection (i.e., “Remember”) and familiarity (i.e., “Know”) were assessed at retrieval in all experiments. In Experiment 1, high value words were recognized more effectively than low value words, and this difference was primarily driven by increases in “Remember” responses with no difference in “Know” responses. In Experiment 2, the pattern of subjective judgment results from the articulatory suppression condition replicated Experiment 1. However, in the random number generation condition, the effect of value on recognition memory was lost. This same pattern of results was found in Experiment 3 which implemented a different variant of the divided attention task. Overall, these data suggest that executive processes are used when encoding valuable information and that value-directed improvements to memory are not merely the result of differential rehearsal.

scholarly journals Picture Superiority Doubly Dissociates the ERP Correlates of Recollection and Familiarity

2011 ◽  
Vol 23 (5) ◽  
pp. 1247-1262 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tim Curran ◽  
Jeanne Doyle
Keyword(s):  
Recognition Memory ◽  
Strong Evidence ◽  
Dual Process ◽  
Test Format ◽  
Brain Potentials ◽  
Superiority Effect ◽  
Picture Superiority Effect ◽  
Study Test ◽  
Process Perspective ◽  
Picture Superiority

Two experiments investigated the processes underlying the picture superiority effect on recognition memory. Studied pictures were associated with higher accuracy than studied words, regardless of whether test stimuli were words (Experiment 1) or pictures (Experiment 2). Event-related brain potentials (ERPs) recorded during test suggested that the 300–500 msec FN400 old/new effect, hypothesized to be related to familiarity-based recognition, benefited from study/test congruity, such that it was larger when study and test format remained constant than when they differed. The 500–800 msec parietal old/new effect, hypothesized to be related to recollection, benefited from studying pictures, regardless of test format. The parallel between the accuracy and parietal ERP results suggests that picture superiority may arise from encoding the distinctive attributes of pictures in a manner that enhances their later recollection. Furthermore, when words were tested, opposite effects of studying words versus studying pictures were observed on the FN400 (word > picture) versus parietal (picture > word) old/new effects—providing strong evidence for a crossover interaction between these components that is consistent with a dual-process perspective.

Separating Event-related Potential Effects for Conceptual Fluency and Episodic Familiarity

2017 ◽  
Vol 29 (8) ◽  
pp. 1402-1414 ◽  
Author(s):  
Regine Bader ◽  
Axel Mecklinger
Keyword(s):  
Time Window ◽  
Event Related Potential ◽  
N400 Effect ◽  
Priming Effects ◽  
Conceptual Priming ◽  
Conceptual Fluency ◽  
New Words ◽  
Conceptual Processing ◽  
Scalp Distribution ◽  
Unrelated Condition

ERP old/new effects have been associated with different subprocesses of episodic recognition memory. The notion that recollection is reflected in the left parietal old/new effect seems to be uncontested. However, an association between episodic familiarity and the mid-frontal old/new effect is not uncontroversial. It has been argued that the mid-frontal old/new effect is functionally equivalent to the N400 and hence merely reflects differences in conceptual fluency between old and new items. Therefore, it is related to episodic familiarity only in situations in which conceptual fluency covaries with familiarity. Alternatively, the old/new effect in this time window reflects an interaction of episodic familiarity and conceptual processing with each making a unique functional contribution. To test this latter account, we manipulated conceptual fluency and episodic familiarity orthogonally in an incidental recognition test: Visually presented old and new words were preceded by either conceptually related or unrelated auditory prime words. If the mid-frontal old/new effect is functionally distinguishable from conceptual priming effects, an ERP contrast reflecting pure priming (correct rejections in the related vs. unrelated condition) and a contrast reflecting priming plus familiarity (hits in the related vs. correct rejections in the unrelated condition) should differ in scalp distribution. As predicted, the pure priming contrast had a right-parietal distribution, as typically observed for the N400 effect, whereas the priming plus familiarity contrast was significantly more frontally accentuated. These findings implicate that old/new effects in this time window are driven by unique functional contributions of episodic familiarity and conceptual processing.

scholarly journals Ultra-short periods of wakeful rest promote the viewpoint-invariance of entities mnemonic representations

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pierre-Yves Jonin ◽  
Julie Coloignier ◽  
Elise Bannier ◽  
Gabriel Besson
Keyword(s):  
Recognition Memory ◽  
Visual Recognition ◽  
Memory Task ◽  
Visual Objects ◽  
Perceptual Distance ◽  
Visual Recognition Memory ◽  
Study Test ◽  
Viewpoint Invariance ◽  
Subordinate Category ◽  
Individual Objects

Humans can recognize thousands of visual objects after a single exposure, even against highly confusable objects, and despite viewpoint changes between learning and recognition. Memory consolidation processes like those taking place during wakeful rest contribute to such a feat, possibly by protecting the fine details of objects’ representations. However, whether rest-related consolidation promotes the viewpoint invariance of mnemonic representations for individual objects remains unexplored.Fifteen participants underwent a speeded visual recognition memory task tapping on familiarity-based recognition of individual objects, across four conditions manipulating post- encoding rest. Viewpoints of target items were modified between study and test while controlling study-test perceptual distance, and targets and lures shared the same subordinate category, making recognition independent from perceptual and conceptual fluency. Performance was very accurate, even without post-encoding rest, which did not enhance memory. However, rest uniquely made target detection immune to study-test perceptual distance.These findings suggest that very short periods of wakeful rest (down to 2-sec post-stimulus) suffice to achieve complete mnemonic viewpoint-invariance, pushing forward the strength of post-encoding rest in learning and memory. They also strongly argue for a holistic, viewpoint- invariant, mnemonic representation of visual objects.

When does modality matter? Perceptual versus conceptual fluency-based illusions in recognition memory

2008 ◽  
Vol 58 (4) ◽  
pp. 1080-1094 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeremy K. Miller ◽  
Marianne E. Lloyd ◽  
Deanne L. Westerman
Keyword(s):  
Recognition Memory ◽  
Conceptual Fluency
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