Rethinking the natural regeneration failure of pedunculate oak: The pathogen mildew hypothesis

Mature Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) stands are dominating large parts of the Flemish forest area. Broadleaved species regenerate spontaneously under this pine canopy. This study studied the growth and development of two planted pine stands with an older natural regeneration, dominated by pedunculate oak (Quercus robur L.), and discussed management options for similar stands. The results indicated a rather good growth of the stands, with current annual increments of 5 m3.ha-1.yr-1. The pine overstorey is growing into valuable sawwood dimensions, while the broadleaved understorey slowly grows into the upperstorey. The quality of the regeneration is moderate but can be improved by silvicultural measurements (pruning, early selection). In both stands, an interesting (timber production, nature conservation) admixture of secondary tree species is present in the regeneration. Stand management is evolving from the classical clearcut system towards a combination of a type of selection and group selection system.

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Typology of the natural regeneration in a middle-aged Scots pine forest

Silva Gandavensis ◽

10.21825/sg.v53i0.913 ◽

1988 ◽

Vol 53 ◽

Author(s):

C. De Schepper

Keyword(s):

Scots Pine ◽

Natural Regeneration ◽

Free Field ◽

Sandy Soils ◽

Structural Basis ◽

Pedunculate Oak ◽

Pine Stands ◽

Scots Pine Forest ◽

Forest Practice ◽

Scots Pine Stands

The study describes the natural regeneration state of a forest on coarse sandy soils. The natural regeneration was studied in three different ecological conditions: in 30 to 60 year old Scots pine stands, in a 62 year old mixed stand of pedunculate oak and red oak, and on the free field. The analysis of the regeneration groups revealed that the first settler maintained a dominant social position during the following years after the settlement. The structural basis is consequently laid out early. This means that the forest practice has to consider the very first phase of the regeneration as determining for the following evolution of the regeneration groups.

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Soil Microorganisms and Phenolics: Their Implication in Spruce Natural Regeneration Failure

Environmental Forest Science - Forestry Sciences ◽

10.1007/978-94-011-5324-9_32 ◽

1998 ◽

pp. 301-307 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

X. Carlos Souto ◽

Geneviève Chiapusio ◽

François Pellissier

Keyword(s):

Natural Regeneration ◽

Soil Microorganisms ◽

Regeneration Failure

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A role of the mechanical preparation of soil in the natural regeneration of pedunculate oak (Quercus robur L.) in floodplain forests

Journal of Forest Science ◽

10.17221/4572-jfs ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 51 (No. 8) ◽

pp. 371-379

Author(s):

K. Houšková

Keyword(s):

Natural Regeneration ◽

Seedling Emergence ◽

Soil Surface ◽

Floodplain Forest ◽

Pedunculate Oak ◽

Mechanical Preparation ◽

Soil Scarification ◽

Before And After ◽

The Subject

The subject of our research was to verify effects of the mechanical preparation of soil in the natural regeneration of pedunculate oak in a floodplain forest. On the site of a hard-wooded floodplain forest at the confluence of the Morava and Dyje rivers (Czech Republic), several sample plots were established differing in the preparation of soil during regeneration, in weeding the plots and in the period of the implementation of soil surface scarification before and after the fall (or distribution) of acorns. On the basis of results obtained, mechanical preparation of soil on non-weed-infested plots in the heavy seed year is not necessary, however, it supports seedling emergence from acorns and eliminates weed tree emergence and weed. However, it is better to realize it only after the fall of acorns and to incorporate them into soil and thus their emergence will be increased. Soil scarification can be carried out also in the course of harvesting the parent stand through the extraction of wood and slash from the regenerating area. In weed-infested stands, however, the thorough preparation of soil before the fall of acorns appears to be a necessity.

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Autotoxicity as a cause for natural regeneration failure inNyssa yunnanensisand its implications for conservation

Israel Journal of Plant Sciences ◽

10.1080/07929978.2015.1064630 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 62 (3) ◽

pp. 187-197 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Shanshan Zhang ◽

Fuqiang Shi ◽

Wenzhong Yang ◽

Zhenyong Xiang ◽

Hongmei Kang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Natural Regeneration ◽

Regeneration Failure

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The most frequent powdery mildews on forest woody species and their impact

Glasnik Sumarskog fakulteta ◽

10.2298/gsf0591009k ◽

2005 ◽

pp. 9-29 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Dragan Karadzic ◽

Tanja Milijasevic

Keyword(s):

Powdery Mildew ◽

Gypsy Moth ◽

Natural Regeneration ◽

Quercus Robur ◽

Woody Species ◽

Pedunculate Oak ◽

Forest Trees ◽

Fungus Species ◽

Powdery Mildews ◽

Oak Trees

The most frequent fungus species known as powdery mildews, causing the diseases of forest trees, were studied. Among forest woody species, oaks are especially susceptible to powdery mildew attack, and among them pedunculate oak (Quercus robur L) is highly endangered. This paper reports 49 species of powdery mildews. However, Microsphaera alphitoides has the greatest significance in forest economy, causing the decline of seedlings in nurseries and also aggravating the natural regeneration of pedunculate oak. This fungus, together with gypsy moth and honey fungus (Armillaria mellea) participates in the dying of old oak trees. Powdery mildews can be successfully controlled by fungicides, and sulphur fungicides Karatan and Rubigan are especially effective.

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Potential of natural regeneration of Quercus robur L. in floodplain forests in the southern part of the Czech Republic

Journal of Forest Science ◽

10.17221/83/2014-jfs ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 60 (No. 12) ◽

pp. 534-539 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

L. Dobrovolný

Keyword(s):

Czech Republic ◽

Natural Regeneration ◽

Forest Edge ◽

Floodplain Forest ◽

Pedunculate Oak ◽

Oak Regeneration ◽

Artificial Regeneration ◽

The Czech Republic ◽

Site Factor ◽

Clear Cutting

The most common way of pedunculate oak regeneration on the floodplain sites in the Czech Republic is artificial regeneration by clear-cutting. However, what is the real potential of natural regeneration of pedunculate oak? In our research object (3,355 ha of floodplain forest in the southern part of the Czech Republic – Zidlochovice region), we inventoried about 8 ha of successful natural regeneration of pedunculate oak with density ranging between 15,000 and 100,000 individuals per ha on the plots after final cut. All harvested oak dominated parent stands showed a lower stock density that ranged between 0.5 and 0.8. In the next analysis of the survival of oak natural regeneration spontaneously established in different light conditions under the shelter of parent stands we observed the highest occurrence of saplings closer to the forest edge. A sufficient density of regeneration (above 10,000 individuals per ha) was found at the distance up to 18 m from the edge, where more than 24% of direct and 30% of indirect site factor were discovered. In the stand with the full canopy closure (DSF  about 10% on average and ISF about 24%) the oak regeneration is missing and was replaced by other tree species (especially ash and field maple). In the examined area the natural regeneration of pedunculate oak should be one of the possible alternatives of floodplain forest regeneration if certain conditions are met.  

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Modelling Pinus pinea forest management to attain natural regeneration under present and future climatic scenarios

Canadian Journal of Forest Research ◽

10.1139/cjfr-2013-0179 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 44 (3) ◽

pp. 250-262 ◽

Cited By ~ 18

Author(s):

Rubén Manso ◽

Timo Pukkala ◽

Marta Pardos ◽

Jari Miina ◽

Rafael Calama

Keyword(s):

Forest Management ◽

Seed Production ◽

Natural Regeneration ◽

Sustainable Forest Management ◽

Seedling Survival ◽

Pinus Pinea ◽

Regeneration Failure ◽

Climatic Scenarios ◽

Rotation Age

Natural regeneration-based silviculture has been increasingly regarded as a reliable option in sustainable forest management. However, successful natural regeneration is not always easy to achieve. Recently, new concerns have arisen because of changing future climate. To date, regeneration models have proved helpful in decision-making concerning natural regeneration. The implementation of such models into optimization routines is a promising approach in providing forest managers with accurate tools for forest planning. In the present study, we present a stochastic multistage regeneration model for Pinus pinea L. managed woodlands in Central Spain, where regeneration has been historically unsuccessful. The model is able to quantify recruitment under different silviculture alternatives and varying climatic scenarios, with further application to optimize management scheduling. The regeneration process in the species showed high between-year variation, with all subprocesses (seed production, dispersal, germination, predation, and seedling survival) having the potential to become bottlenecks. However, model simulations demonstrate that current intensive management is responsible for regeneration failure in the long term. Specifically, stand densities at rotation age are too low to guarantee adequate dispersal, the optimal density of seed-producing trees being around 150 stems·ha−1. In addition, rotation length needs to be extended up to 120 years to benefit from the higher seed production of older trees. Stochastic optimization confirms these results. Regeneration does not appear to worsen under climate change conditions; the species exhibiting resilience worthy of broader consideration in Mediterranean silviculture.

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