scholarly journals Prefrontal GABA concentration changes in women—Influence of menstrual cycle phase, hormonal contraceptive use, and correlation with premenstrual symptoms

2015 ◽  
Vol 1597 ◽  
pp. 129-138 ◽  
Author(s):  
Timo De Bondt ◽  
Frank De Belder ◽  
Floris Vanhevel ◽  
Yves Jacquemyn ◽  
Paul M. Parizel
Keyword(s):  
Menstrual Cycle ◽  
Contraceptive Use ◽  
Hormonal Contraceptive ◽  
Cycle Phase ◽  
Menstrual Cycle Phase ◽  
Gaba Concentration ◽  
Premenstrual Symptoms ◽  
Concentration Changes

scholarly journals Protein Requirements of Pre-Menopausal Female Athletes: Systematic Literature Review

Nutrients ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (11) ◽  
pp. 3527
Author(s):  
Drew Mercer ◽  
Lilia Convit ◽  
Dominique Condo ◽  
Amelia J. Carr ◽  
D. Lee Hamilton ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Menstrual Cycle ◽  
Literature Review ◽  
Protein Intake ◽  
Contraceptive Use ◽  
Female Athletes ◽  
Intermittent Exercise ◽  
Hormonal Contraceptive ◽  
Cycle Phase ◽  
Menstrual Cycle Phase ◽  
Protein Requirements

This systematic literature review aimed to determine the protein requirements of pre-menopausal (e.g., 18–45 years) female athletes and identify if the menstrual cycle phase and/or hormonal contraceptive use influence protein requirements. Four databases were searched for original research containing pre-menopausal female athletes that ingested protein alongside exercise. The Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics Quality Criteria Checklist was used to determine study quality. Fourteen studies, which included 204 recreationally active or competitive females, met the eligibility criteria for inclusion in this review, and all were assessed as positive quality. The estimated average requirement (EAR) for protein intake of pre-menopausal recreational and/or competitive female athletes is similar for those undertaking aerobic endurance (1.28–1.63 g/kg/day), resistance (1.49 g/kg/day) and intermittent exercise (1.41 g/kg/day) of ~60–90 min duration. The optimal acute protein intake and influence of menstrual cycle phase or hormonal contraceptive use on protein requirements could not be determined. However, pre- and post-exercise protein intakes of 0.32–0.38 g/kg have demonstrated beneficial physiological responses in recreational and competitive female athletes completing resistance and intermittent exercise. The protein requirements outlined in this review can be used for planning and assessing protein intakes of recreational and competitive pre-menopausal female athletes.

No Effect of Menstrual Cycle Phase and Oral Contraceptive Use on Endurance Performance in Rowers

2011 ◽  
Vol 25 (6) ◽  
pp. 1571-1578 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sille Vaiksaar ◽  
Jaak Jürimäe ◽  
Jarek Mäestu ◽  
Priit Purge ◽  
Svetlana Kalytka ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oral Contraceptive ◽  
Menstrual Cycle ◽  
Contraceptive Use ◽  
Endurance Performance ◽  
Cycle Phase ◽  
Menstrual Cycle Phase ◽  
Oral Contraceptive Use

scholarly journals Diurnal and circadian variation of sleep and alertness in men vs. naturally cycling women

2016 ◽  
Vol 113 (39) ◽  
pp. 10980-10985 ◽  
Author(s):  
Diane B. Boivin ◽  
Ari Shechter ◽  
Philippe Boudreau ◽  
Esmot Ara Begum ◽  
Ng Mien Kwong Ng Ying-Kin
Keyword(s):  
Menstrual Cycle ◽  
Sleep Disturbances ◽  
Contraceptive Use ◽  
Core Body Temperature ◽  
Night Shift ◽  
Circadian Variation ◽  
Hormonal Contraceptive ◽  
Cycle Phase ◽  
Physiological Basis ◽  
Subjective Alertness

This study quantifies sex differences in the diurnal and circadian variation of sleep and waking while controlling for menstrual cycle phase and hormonal contraceptive use. We compared the diurnal and circadian variation of sleep and alertness of 8 women studied during two phases of the menstrual cycle and 3 women studied during their midfollicular phase with that of 15 men. Participants underwent an ultradian sleep–wake cycle (USW) procedure consisting of 36 cycles of 60-min wake episodes alternating with 60-min nap opportunities. Core body temperature (CBT), salivary melatonin, subjective alertness, and polysomnographically recorded sleep were measured throughout this procedure. All analyzed measures showed a significant diurnal and circadian variation throughout the USW procedure. Compared with men, women demonstrated a significant phase advance of the CBT but not melatonin rhythms, as well as an advance in the diurnal and circadian variation of sleep measures and subjective alertness. Furthermore, women experienced an increased amplitude of the diurnal and circadian variation of alertness, mainly due to a larger decline in the nocturnal nadir. Our results indicate that women are likely initiating sleep at a later circadian phase than men, which may be one factor contributing to the increased susceptibility to sleep disturbances reported in women. Lower nighttime alertness is also observed, suggesting a physiological basis for a greater susceptibility to maladaptation to night shift work in women.

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