An improved k–ω–φ–α turbulence model applied to near-wall, separated and impinging jet flows and heat transfer

2018 ◽  
Vol 76 (2) ◽  
pp. 315-339 ◽  
Author(s):  
X.L. Yang ◽  
Y. Liu
2013 ◽  
Vol 444-445 ◽  
pp. 416-422
Author(s):  
Yang Yang Tang ◽  
Zhi Qiang Li ◽  
Yong Wang ◽  
Ya Chao Di ◽  
Huan Xu ◽  
...  

The extended GAO-YONG turbulence model is used to simulate the flow and heat transfer of flat-plate turbulent boundary layer, and the results indicate that GAO-YONG turbulence model may well describe boundary layer flow and heat transfer from near-wall region to far outer area, without using any empirical coefficients and near-wall treatments, such as wall-function or modified low Reynolds number model, which are used widely in all RANS turbulence models.


Author(s):  
Brian C. Y. Cheong ◽  
Peter T. Ireland ◽  
John P. C. W. Ling ◽  
Shirley Ashforth-Frost

The research reported in this paper has measured in detail the near wall hydrodynamic and thermal characteristics of a confined single impinging jet in crossflow. To the authors’ knowledge, the work is unique in that the flow and thermal fields have been linked to the local surface heat transfer coefficients, which were measured at high resolution. The near wall velocity, turbulence, temperature and temperature fluctuation distributions of the jet were measured using hotwire anemometry and cold-wire thermometry. The target surface heat transfer coefficients were determined using the transient liquid crystal method. The multiple colour play coating enabled both the heat transfer coefficient and the adiabatic wall temperature distributions to be measured. The turbulent jet discharged with uniform exit velocity and temperature profiles at a Reynolds numbers of 20 000 and 40 000. The jet was subject to a crossflow at jet-to-crossflow velocity ratios of 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5. Two nozzle-to-plate spacings of 1.5d and 3d were examined. The results show that impinging jets in crossflow at z/d = 1.5 are significantly more intact at the target surface than jets with z/d = 3. As a result, the surface heat transfer rates beneath a jet in crossflow at the closer spacing are consistently higher. The results would provide excellent test cases for CFD works of similar flow configurations. The results are compared to related data in the literature. In addition, the driving gas temperature measured with the liquid crystals is compared to the near wall thermal field measured with the cold-wire.


2013 ◽  
Vol 135 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
M. E. Taslim ◽  
M. K. H. Fong

Local and average heat transfer coefficients were measured in a test section simulating a rib-roughened trailing edge cooling cavity of a turbine airfoil. The test rig was made up of two adjacent channels, each with a trapezoidal cross sectional area. The first channel, simulating the cooling cavity adjacent to the trailing-edge cavity, supplied the cooling air to the trailing-edge channel through a row of racetrack-shaped slots on the partition wall between the two channels. Eleven crossover jets, issued from these slots entered the trailing-edge channel, impinged on eleven radial ribs and exited from a second row of race-track shaped slots on the opposite wall in staggered or inline arrangement. Two jet angles of 0 deg and 5 deg and a range of jet Reynolds number from 10,000 to 35,000 were tested and compared. The numerical models contained the entire trailing-edge and supply channels with all slots and ribs to simulate exactly the tested geometries. They were meshed with all-hexa structured mesh of high near-wall concentration. A pressure-correction based, multiblock, multigrid, unstructured/adaptive commercial software was used in this investigation. The realizable k-ε turbulence model was employed in combination with an enhanced wall treatment approach for the near wall regions. Boundary conditions identical to those of the experiments were applied and several turbulence model results were compared. The numerical analyses also provided the share of each crossover and each exit hole from the total flow for different geometries. The major conclusions of this study were: (a) except for the first and last cross-flow jets, which had different flow structures, other jets produced the same heat transfer results on their target surfaces; (b) tilted crossover jets produced higher heat transfer coefficients on the target surface towards which they were tilted and lower values on the opposite surface, and (c) the numerical predictions of impingement heat transfer coefficients were in good agreement with the measured values for most cases thus CFD could be considered a viable tool in airfoil cooling circuit designs.


Author(s):  
M. E. Taslim ◽  
X. Huang

Hot and harsh environments, sometimes experienced by gas turbine airfoils, can create undesirable effects such as clogging of the cooling holes. Clogging of the cooling holes along the trailing edge of an airfoil on the tip side and its effects on the heat transfer coefficients in the cooling cavity around the clogged holes is the main focus of this investigation. Local and average heat transfer coefficients were measured in a test section simulating a rib-roughened trailing edge cooling cavity of a turbine airfoil. The rig was made up of two adjacent channels, each with a trapezoidal cross sectional area. The first channel supplied the cooling air to the trailing-edge channel through a row of racetrack-shaped slots on the partition wall between the two channels. Eleven cross-over jets, issued from these slots entered the trailing-edge channel, impinged on eleven radial ribs and exited from a second row of race-track shaped slots on the opposite wall that simulated the cooling holes along the trailing edge of the airfoil. Tests were run for the baseline case with all exit holes open and for cases in which 2, 3 and 4 exit holes on the airfoil tip side were clogged. All tests were run for two cross-over jet angles. The first set of tests were run for zero angle between the jet axis and the trailing-edge channel centerline. The jets were then tilted towards the ribs by five degrees. Results of the two set of tests for a range of jet Reynolds number from 10,000 to 35,000 were compared. The numerical models contained the entire trailing-edge and supply channels with all slots and ribs to simulate exactly the tested geometries. They were meshed with all-hexa structured mesh of high near-wall concentration. A pressure-correction based, multi-block, multi-grid, unstructured/adaptive commercial software was used in this investigation. The realizable k – ε turbulence model in combination with enhanced wall treatment approach for the near wall regions were used for turbulence closure. Boundary conditions identical to those of the experiments were applied and several turbulence model results were compared. The numerical analyses also provided the share of each cross-over and each exit hole from the total flow for different geometries. The major conclusions of this study were: a) Clogging of the exit holes near the airfoil tip alters the distribution of the coolant mass flow rate through the crossover holes and changes the flow structure. Depending on the number of clogged exit holes (from 3 to 6, out of 12), the tip-end crossover hole experienced from 35% to 49% reductions in its mass flow rate while the root-end crossover hole, under the same conditions, experienced an increase of the same magnitude in its mass flow rate, b) up to 64% reduction in heat transfer coefficients on the tip-end surface areas around the clogged holes were observed which might have devastating effects on the airfoil life. At the same time, a gain in heat transfer coefficient of up 40% was observed around the root-end due to increased crossover flows, c) Numerical heat transfer results with the use of the realizable k – ε turbulence model in combination with enhanced wall treatment approach for the near wall regions were generally in a reasonable agreement with the test results. The overall difference between the CFD and test results was about 10%.


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