12 Background: Advance Care Planning (ACP) discussions afford patients and physicians a chance to better understand patients’ values and wishes regarding end-of-life care; however these conversations typically take place late in the course of a disease, or not at all. The goal of this study was to understand attitudes of oncologists, cardiologists, and primary care physicians (PCPs) towards ACP. We also aimed to identify persistent barriers to timely ACP discussion following a quality improvement initiative at our health system aimed at improving ACP completion rate. Methods: A 23-question cross-sectional online survey was created and distributed to cardiologists, oncologists, primary care physicians and cardiology and oncology support staff at the NorthShore University Health System (NorthShore) from February-March 2015. A total of 117 individuals (46% of distributed) completed the surveys. The results were compiled using an online survey analysis tool. Results: Only 15% of cardiologists felt it was their responsibility to conduct ACP with their congestive heart failure (CHF) patients. In contrast, 68% of oncologists accepted responsibility for ACP in incurable cancer patients. Sixty-eight percent of PCPs felt personally responsible for conducting ACP discussions with CHF patients, while only 34% felt the same about cancer patients. Documentation of ACP in the electronic health record (EHR) was inconsistent among specialties. Among all surveyed specialties, lack of time was the major barrier limiting ACP discussion. Perceived patient discomfort and discomfort of the patient’s family towards these discussions were also significant reported barriers. Conclusions: Attitudes toward ACP implementation vary considerably by medical specialty and medical condition, with oncologists in this study feeling more personal responsibility for carrying out these discussions with cancer patients than cardiologists with their heart failure patients. Robust implementation of ACP across the spectrum of medical illnesses is likely to require a true collaboration between office-based PCPs and specialists in both the inpatient and ambulatory settings.
Processes and Outcomes of Congestive Heart Failure Care by Different Types of Primary Care Models