Review: Phase transition mechanism and supercritical hydrothermal synthesis of nano lithium iron phosphate

Abstract Lithium iron phosphate (LiFePO4 or LFP) is a common active material in lithium-ion batteries. It has been observed that this material undergoes phase transitions during the normal charge and discharge operation of the battery. Electrochemical models of lithium-ion batteries can be modified to account for this phenomenon at the expense of some added complexity. We explore this problem for the single particle model (SPM) where the underlying dynamic model for diffusion of lithium ions in phase transition materials is a partial differential equation (PDE) with a moving boundary. We derive a novel boundary observer to estimate the concentration of lithium ions together with a moving boundary radius from the SPM via the backstepping method for PDEs, and simulations are provided to illustrate the performance of the observer. Our comments are stated on the gap between the proposed observer and a complete state-of-charge (SoC) estimation algorithm for lithium-ion batteries with phase transition materials.

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Hydrothermal Synthesis of Lithium Iron Phosphate Using Fe(III) Precursor

ECS Meeting Abstracts ◽

10.1149/ma2009-02/8/605 ◽

2009 ◽

Keyword(s):

Hydrothermal Synthesis ◽

Lithium Iron Phosphate ◽

Iron Phosphate

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State Estimation for Lithium Ion Batteries With Phase Transition Materials

Volume 3: Vibration in Mechanical Systems; Modeling and Validation; Dynamic Systems and Control Education; Vibrations and Control of Systems; Modeling and Estimation for Vehicle Safety and Integrity; Modeling and Control of IC Engines and Aftertreatment Systems; Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) and Their Applications; Dynamics and Control of Renewable Energy Systems; Energy Harvesting; Control of Smart Buildings and Microgrids; Energy Systems ◽

10.1115/dscc2017-5266 ◽

2017 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Shumon Koga ◽

Leobardo Camacho-Solorio ◽

Miroslav Krstic

Keyword(s):

Phase Transition ◽

Lithium Ion Batteries ◽

Lithium Iron Phosphate ◽

Moving Boundary ◽

Active Material ◽

Lithium Ion ◽

Estimation Algorithm ◽

Iron Phosphate ◽

Particle Model ◽

Lithium Ions

Lithium Iron Phosphate (LiFePO4 or LFP) is a common active material in lithium-ion batteries. It has been observed that this material undergoes phase transitions during the normal charge and discharge operation of the battery. Electrochemical models of lithium-ion batteries can be modified to account for this phenomena at the expense of some added complexity. We explore this problem for the single particle model (SPM) where the underlying dynamic model for diffusion of lithium ions in phase transition materials is a partial differential equation (PDE) with a moving boundary. An observer is derived for the concentration of lithium ions from the SPM via the backstepping method for PDEs in a rigorous way and simulations are provided to illustrate the performance of the observer. Our comments are stated on the gap between the proposed observer and a complete state-of-charge (SoC) estimation algorithm for lithium-ion batteries with phase transition materials.

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Hydrothermal synthesis of lithium iron phosphate cathodes

Electrochemistry Communications ◽

10.1016/s1388-2481(01)00200-4 ◽

2001 ◽

Vol 3 (9) ◽

pp. 505-508 ◽

Cited By ~ 447

Author(s):

Shoufeng Yang ◽

Peter Y. Zavalij ◽

M. Stanley Whittingham

Keyword(s):

Hydrothermal Synthesis ◽

Lithium Iron Phosphate ◽

Iron Phosphate

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Hydrothermal synthesis of lithium iron phosphate

Electrochemistry Communications ◽

10.1016/j.elecom.2006.03.021 ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 8 (5) ◽

pp. 855-858 ◽

Cited By ~ 261

Author(s):

J CHEN ◽

M WHITTINGHAM

Keyword(s):

Hydrothermal Synthesis ◽

Lithium Iron Phosphate ◽

Iron Phosphate

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The Hydrothermal Synthesis of Lithium Iron Phosphate

MRS Proceedings ◽

10.1557/proc-0972-aa13-08 ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 972 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Jiajun Chen ◽

M. Stanley Whittingham

Keyword(s):

Carbon Nanotubes ◽

Ascorbic Acid ◽

High Temperature ◽

Hydrothermal Synthesis ◽

Lithium Iron Phosphate ◽

Electronic Conductivity ◽

Synthesis Method ◽

Iron Phosphate ◽

Cell Dimensions ◽

Unit Cell Dimensions

AbstractWell-crystalline LiFePO4 particles were successfully prepared in the temperature range between 120 and 220°C, and complete ion ordering was obtained above 175°C where the unit cell dimensions were identical to high temperature material. The use of a soluble reductant, such as sugar or ascorbic acid, was found to minimize the oxidation of the iron to ferric. The electronic conductivity was enhanced by the deposition of carbon from the sugar, or by the addition of carbon nanotubes to the hydrothermal reactor when over 90% of the lithium could be de-intercalated electrochemically. We have extended the hydrothermal synthesis method to the Mn, Co and Ni analogs as well as to the mixed phosphates, such as LiMnyFe1-yPO4.

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Mesoscopic modeling of Li insertion in phase-separating electrode materials: application to lithium iron phosphate

Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics ◽

10.1039/c4cp03530e ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 16 (41) ◽

pp. 22555-22565 ◽

Cited By ~ 29

Author(s):

Mohammad Farkhondeh ◽

Mark Pritzker ◽

Michael Fowler ◽

Mohammadhosein Safari ◽

Charles Delacourt

Keyword(s):

Phase Transition ◽

Electrode Materials ◽

Lithium Iron Phosphate ◽

Iron Phosphate ◽

Mesoscopic Modeling ◽

Proposed Model

The proposed model describes the lithiation–delithiation dynamics of LiFePO4 electrodes and is capable of simultaneously explaining various unusual behaviors observed for this phase transition material.

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