AIM: transanal endomicrosurgery (TEM) is the standard for organ-preserving treatment of patients with large adenomas and early rectal cancer. The advantage of TEM in comparison with other transanal methods of treatment of rectal tumors is the low frequency of R1 resections and fragmentation, which procudes a low level of local recurrences. Endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) is a new technology for superficial rectum tumors. This systematic review and meta-analysis compared safety and efficacy of ESD vs TEM for large adenoma and early colorectal cancer.PATIENTS AND METHODS: a literature search and meta-analysis of the data was carried out in accordance with the English-language Medline database without restrictions on the publication date (end December 18, 2018) according to keywords: «endoscopic submucosal dissection», «esd», «endoscopic dissection», «tem», «tamis», «transanal endoscopic microsurgery», «transanal resection», «teo», «transanal endoscopic microsurgical excision». The systematic review includes all papers on the comparison of TEM and ESD for large adenomas and early rectal cancer. Statistical data processing was performed using Review Manager 5.3.RESULTS: four retrospective comparative studies were included in the analysis (215 patients). Groups were homogenous in the number of tumors (Odds ratio [OR]=1,19; 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.23-6.16) and size (p=0.55). The intraoperative morbidity included bleeding (p=0.54) and rectal perforation (p=0.32) was homogenous as well. The operation time in the ESD group was significantly longer by 32 minutes than TEM (OR=32.5;95% CI 17,7-47.4; p<0.0001). Postoperative stay was higher than in 1.6 times after TEM (OR=16.1; 95% CI 1.5-30.1; p=0.03). The antibiotics use after surgery was not significantly different in both groups (p=0.33). The en-bloc resections (p=0.66) and the rate of R1 resections (p=0.74) were not significantly different in both groups. The local recurrence rate was homogenous (p=0.95).CONCLUSIONS: the ESD and TEM procedures are safe and effective techniques for local excision of adenomas and early colorectal cancer, but a randomized study is needed to prove the results.
ENDOSCOPIC TECHNOLOGIES IN EARLY RECTAL CANCER TREATMENT
