Endometrial microstructure after long-term use of a 91-day extended-cycle oral contraceptive regimen

Extended-cycle combined hormonal contraception has become a common practice among women seeking effective contraception and menstrual regulation. Extended cycle regimens have the benefit of decreasing scheduled bleeding as compared to traditional combined oral contraceptive (COC) regimens containing 21 days of hormones followed by a 7-day hormone-free interval (HFI) by reducing the frequency of the HFI. The newest FDA approved product in this family of contraceptive regimens is a 91-day COC regimen containing 0.02 mg ethinyl estradiol (EE) and 0.1 mg levonorgestrel (LNG) for 84 days followed by a 7-day interval with 0.01 mg EE. This regimen has been evaluated in one pivotal trial and demonstrated to have efficacy and a side effect profile similar to the other currently available FDA approved 91-day extended-cycle regimens. This is the first 91-day regimen formulated with 0.02 mg EE and offers women an effective option for contraception and menstrual cycle control.

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The lowest-dose, extended-cycle combined oral contraceptive pill with continuous ethinyl estradiol in the United States: a review of the literature on ethinyl estradiol 20 µg/levonorgestrel 100 µg + ethinyl estradiol 10 µg

International Journal of Women s Health ◽

10.2147/ijwh.s6437 ◽

2010 ◽

pp. 235

Author(s):

Jessica Kiley

Keyword(s):

United States ◽

Oral Contraceptive ◽

Ethinyl Estradiol ◽

Oral Contraceptive Pill ◽

The United States ◽

Review Of The Literature ◽

Contraceptive Pill ◽

Combined Oral Contraceptive ◽

Extended Cycle

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No compelling evidence that preferences for facial masculinity track changes in women’s hormonal status

10.1101/136549 ◽

2017 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Benedict C Jones ◽

Amanda C Hahn ◽

Claire I Fisher ◽

Hongyi Wang ◽

Michal Kandrik ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Oral Contraceptive ◽

Contraceptive Use ◽

Steroid Hormone ◽

Hormonal Status ◽

Compelling Evidence ◽

Short Term ◽

Facial Masculinity ◽

Oral Contraceptive Use ◽

Women’S Preferences

AbstractAlthough widely cited as strong evidence that sexual selection has shaped human facial attractiveness judgments, evidence that preferences for masculine characteristics in men’s faces are related to women’s hormonal status is equivocal and controversial. Consequently, we conducted the largest ever longitudinal study of the hormonal correlates of women’s preferences for facial masculinity (N=584). Analyses showed no compelling evidence that preferences for facial masculinity were related to changes in women’s salivary steroid hormone levels. Furthermore, both within-subject and between-subject comparisons showed no evidence that oral contraceptive use decreased masculinity preferences. However, women generally preferred masculinized over feminized versions of men’s faces, particularly when assessing men’s attractiveness for short-term, rather than long-term, relationships. Our results do not support the hypothesized link between women’s preferences for facial masculinity and their hormonal status.

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