Effect of lure age and blend on sex pheromone trap catches of the mirid Sahlbergella singularis on cacao in Ghana

AbstractThe synthetic sex pheromone (dicastalure) of the red bollworm of cotton, Diparopsis castanea Hmps., in Central and Southern Africa, and an inhibitor of male sexual attraction (trans-9-dodecenyl acetate,=IIA), were used in an enclosed 0·2 ha cotton field-cage to reduce successful female matings. Over one month dicastalure at 21·0 and 42·3 g/ha produced average reductions in mating of 47·9% and 72·5% respectively and 37·9 g IIA/ha produced an overall reduction in mating of 71·5%, or 79·5% in released moth populations, over the same period. The proportion of virgin females present in disruption situations was significantly greater than in untreated populations and was density-independent for moth populations of up to 2 200/ha. The proportion of fertile eggs in disruption situations was correspondingly reduced to 30·2% from an average of 67·9% in control cycles. Reduction in sex pheromone trap catches is an unsatisfactory indicator of the extent to which males are prevented from inseminating females and considerably over-estimates the true degree of disruption. This is the first time that a naturally occurring inhibitor has been used successfully to disrupt mating in a field population of insects and it indicates the potential of the method for the control of high density pest populations in cotton. However, use of polyethylene dispensing mechanisms similar to those used in the field-cage disruption experiments would be unsuitable as a practical method of dispensing behaviour modifying chemicals and it is suggested that, for suitably controlled release of such chemicals, currently available microencapsulation technology offers the best prospects.

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Predicting Seasonal Apple Injury by Tufted Apple Bud Moth (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) with Early-Season Sex Pheromone Trap Catches and Brood I Fruit Injury

Environmental Entomology ◽

10.1093/ee/18.6.939 ◽

1989 ◽

Vol 18 (6) ◽

pp. 939-944 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

A. L. Knight ◽

L. A. Hull

Keyword(s):

Sex Pheromone ◽

Pheromone Trap ◽

Early Season ◽

Tufted Apple Bud Moth ◽

Trap Catches

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Selectivity of the oriental fruit moth sex pheromone trap in peach and apricot orchards

International Journal of Horticultural Science ◽

10.31421/ijhs/16/2/878 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 16 (2) ◽

Author(s):

K. Hári ◽

B. Pénzes

Keyword(s):

Sex Pheromone ◽

Chemical Control ◽

Pheromone Trap ◽

External Morphology ◽

Oriental Fruit Moth ◽

Pheromone Traps ◽

Sex Pheromone Traps ◽

Fruit Orchards ◽

Trap Catches ◽

Male Genital

One of the most important pests of the stone fruit orchards is the oriental fruit moth (Grapholitha 1110/esta B.). Chemical control targeted against the young larvae is the most effective way of protection. so the ti ming of treatments has to be based on the observation of emergence. Emergence may be monitored with sex pheromone traps. It is already known from former publications, that the traps for oriental fruit moth are also effective in the case of the plum moth (Grapholitha f1111ebra11a Tr.), which external morphology is very similar to the oriental fruit moth. As the emergence of the oriental fruit moth in peach and apricot orchards has not been observed in detaib in Hungary, we started a s1Udy in this field. Our aim was to measure the selectivity of the sex pheromone traps. On the basis of examining more than 5000 males caught and the investigation of male genital ia. it could be established that the pheromone traps. Csalomon and Deltastop, for oriental fruit moth, caught the plum moth in the same ratio. The ratio of the oriental fruit moth and the plum moth trapped in the peach orchards was I: I . while in the apricot orchards the number of the caught plum moth males was seven times as many as that of the oriental fruit moths. Consequently, it can be established that data based on oriental fruit moth trap catches can not be used without additional investigations of genitalia for the prediction of larval hatch. The selectivity of the plum moth trap. used as a control. was acceptable in both orchards.

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Field investigation of an attracticide control technique using the sex pheromone of the Egyptian cotton leafworm, Spodoptera littoralis (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)

Bulletin of Entomological Research ◽

10.1017/s0007485300032934 ◽

1995 ◽

Vol 85 (4) ◽

pp. 463-472 ◽

Cited By ~ 13

Author(s):

M.C.A. Downham ◽

L.J. McVeigh ◽

G.M. Moawad

Keyword(s):

Sex Pheromone ◽

Spodoptera Littoralis ◽

Pheromone Trap ◽

Field Investigation ◽

Point Sources ◽

Control Technique ◽

Trap Catch ◽

Male Mortality ◽

Repeated Applications ◽

Trap Catches

AbstractA series of trials examining the feasibility of an attracticide technique for control of Spodoptera littoralis (Boisduval) are described. The technique combined the sex pheromone of S. littoralis with pyrethroid insecticide, λ-cyhalothrin, in 500 point-sources/ha at low rates of application of both components. It was envisaged that male moths would be attracted to contact the sources and subsequently suffer lethal or sub-lethal effects which would prevent mating. The pheromone was applied either as a sprayable microencapsulated (MC) formulation or in polyvinyl-chloride lures; emulsifiable concentrate and MC formulations of the insecticide were employed. Treatments were assessed by monitoring pheromone trap catches, mating of tethered females and, in one trial, numbers of eggmasses found in experimental areas. Mating levels and trap-catch in treatment plots were siginificantly reduced, compared to controls, for periods up to 5 and 24 nights after treatment, respectively. However despite a continuous period of mating suppression, achieved by repeated applications, no treatment-related reduction in egg-masses was observed. Two trials compared attracticide with mating-disruption treatments in which the insecticide was omitted. Similar levels of mating and trap-catch suppression were observed in the two treatments. It was concluded that the mating suppression observed in attracticide plots was due principally to disruption of chemical communication between the sexes, not to male mortality arising from contact with the insecticide sources. None of the attracticide treatments represented a viable control technique. Other practical and theoretical considerations arising from the results are discussed.

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Female sex pheromone of brinjal fruit and shoot borer, Leucinodes orbonalis (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae): trap optimization and application in IPM trials

Bulletin of Entomological Research ◽

10.1079/ber2002220 ◽

2003 ◽

Vol 93 (2) ◽

pp. 107-113 ◽

Cited By ~ 20

Author(s):

A. Cork ◽

S.N. Alam ◽

F.M.A. Rouf ◽

N.S. Talekar

Keyword(s):

Sex Pheromone ◽

Produced Water ◽

Pheromone Trap ◽

Mass Trapping ◽

Female Sex Pheromone ◽

Trap Catch ◽

Leucinodes Orbonalis ◽

Female Sex ◽

Fruit Damage ◽

Trap Catches

AbstractDelta and wing traps baited with synthetic female sex pheromone of Leucinodes orbonalis Guenée were found to catch and retain ten times more moths than either Spodoptera or uni-trap designs. Locally-produced water and funnel traps were as effective as delta traps, although ‘windows’ cut in the side panels of delta traps significantly increased trap catch from 0.4 to 2.3 moths per trap per night. Trap catch was found to be proportional to the radius of sticky disc traps in the range 5–20 cm radius, discs with a 2.5 cm radius caught no moths. Wing traps placed at crop height caught significantly more moths than traps placed 0.5 m above or below the crop canopy. Replicated integrated pest management (IPM) trials (3 × 0.5 ha per treatment) were conducted in farmers fields with young and mature eggplant crops. Farmers applied insecticides at least three times a week in all check and IPM plots. In addition pheromone traps were placed out at a density of 100 per ha and infested shoots removed weekly in the 0.5 ha IPM plots. Pheromone trap catches were reduced significantly from 2.0 to 0.4 moths per trap per night respectively in check and IPM plots in a young crop and 1.1 to 0.3 moths per trap per night in check and IPM plots respectively in a mature crop. Fruit damage was significantly reduced from an average of 41.8% and 51.2% in check plots of young and mature crops respectively to 22% and 26.4 respectively in the associated IPM plots. Significant differences in pheromone trap catches and fruit damage were attained four and two weeks respectively after IPM treatments began in the mature crop whereas in the immature crop significant differences were not observed for the first eight to nine weeks respectively. The relative impact of removing infested shoots and mass trapping on L. orbonalis larval populations was not established in these trials but in both cases there was an estimated increase of approximately 50% in marketable fruit obtained by the combination of control techniques compared to insecticide treatment alone.

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