Particularităţile influenţei componenţilor minori asupra eficienţei feromonilor sexuali ai viermelui oriental în plantaţiile de măr

The scope of the research was to determine the biological efficiency of the multicomponent blend of Orienthal fruit moth sex pheromone in the apple orchard. The introduction of the minor component M1 in doses of 10% to the basic components on dispensers had led to a increase in number of males caught in sex pheromone traps by 1,7 times. While the male captures on traps where was added 10% of minor component M2 to the basic ones had led to a increase by 1,2 times. The minor component M2 in-crease of doses had led to a proportional decrease of the male caught in traps. Research will be continued.

Assessment of the Attraction Range of Sex Pheromone Traps to Agriotes (Coleoptera, Elateridae) Male Click Beetles in South-Eastern Europe

The attraction range of YATLORf pheromone traps to adults of four species of Agriotes (A. brevis, A. sordidus, A. litigiosus, and A. ustulatus) was studied to provide additional information about the most harmful Agriotes species in Europe. Male click beetles were marked and released at different distances from a pheromone trap. The recapture rate was calculated and analyzed using analysis of variance. The recapture rate was significantly affected by distance, species, and wind direction. The recapture rate decreased as distance increased. The majority of beetles were caught from short distances (up to 10 m) within the first five days. A. brevis, a mainly crawling species, showed the lowest recapture rate. The wind direction affected the recovery rate, with a significantly lower number of beetles moving downwind from the release points. Maximum sampling ranges and effective sampling areas were calculated. The obtained estimations were low (53 to 86 m and 509 to 2602 m2, respectively) for all the considered Agriotes species, suggesting that they were unsuitable for use as mass trapping instruments to disrupt mating. However, it seems possible to use the traps not only as monitoring tools, but also as attract-and-kill strategies for most beetle populations.

Mathematical Modelling of Lesser Date Moth Using Sex Pheromone Traps and Natural Enemies

In this paper, a mathematical model for lesser date moth is proposed and analyzed. The interaction between the date palm tree, lesser date moth, and natural enemy has been investigated. The impact of sex pheromone traps on lesser date moth is demonstrated. Some sufficient conditions are obtained to ensure the local and global stability of equilibrium points. The occurrence of local bifurcation near the equilibrium points is performed using Sotomayor’s theorem. Theoretical results are illustrated using numerical simulations.

Effect of plant spacing and pest controls of Spodoptera exigua on shallots in Majalengka Regency, West Java

This study examines the spacing and control of Spodoptera exigua pests on shallot plants in West Java. The research was conducted in Payung Village, Rajagaluh District, Majalengka Regency, West Java from September to November 2018. The study used a randomized complete block design with a total of four treatments and six replications. The treatments consisted of 1) spacing 15 x 20 cm + traps, 2) spacing 18 x 20 cm + traps, 3) spacing 20 x 20 cm + traps, and 4) spacing 20 x 20 cm + chemical. Data were analysed using the F test and followed by the Duncan test at the 95% confidence level. The results showed that the treatment of 18 x 20 cm spacing + traps resulted in the highest productivity of shallots compared to other treatments, namely 13.5 tons per hectare. The use of sex pheromone traps was more effective in controlling S. exigua pests than light traps and yellow traps.

Appropriate Number of Sex Pheromone Trap for Monitoring Spodoptera exigua Hubner (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) Moths on Shallot Field

The research was carried out to determine the appropriate number of sex pheromone traps for monitoring the Spodoptera exigua moths in shallot crop which was grown in Yogyakarta Special Territory, Bantul Regency (Samas). This research was conducted in August until September 2016. Sex pheromone trap was arranged on shallot aged 3 weeks after planting. Sex pheromone trap with hexadecenat tetra asetat ingredients was placed on sticky yellow trap. This research used RCBD experimental design with single factor experiment namely the number of trap i.e. 3, 5, 6, 8 units/2.000 m2 with sex pheromone, and three traps without sex pheromone as control. Each treatment was repeated 5 times so 125 samples of experiments were obtained. Observation was made by counting the number of moths caught in sex pheromone trap. The result of observation was analysed with analysis of variance (ANOVA) and DMRT α 5.0%. The results show that the appropriate number of trap to monitor the pest infestation was 3 units/2.000 m2.

Farmers’ Perception about Major Insect Pests of Cucurbits and Their Management

A survey was undertaken in five Village Development Committees (VDCs) of Lamjung District, Nepal from June to August 2018 to investigate major insect pests and their management practices in cucurbits. A total of ninety-five cucurbit growers were selected and interviewed using semi-structured questionnaires. The study revealed that the major insect pests attacking cucurbits were fruit fly, red pumpkin beetle, aphid, whitefly, epilachna beetle, cucurbit sting bug, cutworm, and blister beetle. The majority of farmers responded that fruit fly was the most prevalent insect pest, followed by aphid and red pumpkin beetle. Most of the farmers used chemical methods, that includes biological, mechanical, and cultural techniques to control the insects. For the mechanical method, they used sex-pheromone traps i.e. cue-lure. Among botanical pesticides, Neem (Azadirachta indica), Malabar Nut (Justicia adhatoda), Chinaberry (Melia azedarch), Mugwort (Artemisia spp.) were used. Commonly used insecticides by farmers were Cypermethrin, Dimethoate, Malathion, and Endosulfan. The indiscriminate use of chemical pesticides resulted in pest resistance, resurgence, and sometimes outbreak of insect pests. Majority of farmers were using chemical methods to control pests. Apart from this, Integrated Pest Management (IPM) was also adopted for good agricultural practices (GAP) to prevent chemical hazards on human health and the environment. To control insect pests, trained farmers should be encouraged to follow the sanitation of fields and protection of natural enemies by avoiding the use of pesticides a long as possible.

INTEGRATED MANAGEMENT OF FALL ARMYWORM (SPODOPTERA FRUGIPERDA) IN MAIZE CROP

Fall armyworm is an important pest of maize crop and native of America. Fall armyworm distributed in tropical and subtropical regions of many countries in the World. Eggs, larva, pupae & adults are the 4 stages of life -cycle. Eggs are covered with grey -pink colour layer. Larvae are 35-90mm long in size. The size of male & female pupae are 1.3 to 1.5 cm & 1.6 to 1.7 cm. grey, light brown & silver colour wings are observed in fall armyworm. The larvae of Spodoptera frugiperda larvae feed by scrapping green tissue of leaves & grown up larvae feed large amount of leaf tissues. Window pane like damage should be observed on leaves area. Fall armyworm affects on leaf corn and all sweet tissue part of the maize crop. Deep ploughing before onset of rains & wide sowing practices is best cultural practices for the management of all armyworm. Using of sex pheromone traps @2traps/acre at the time of sowing & hand picking and squashing of eggs are also found effective to control fall armyworm. Spraying of azadirachtin 1 Ec @2ml/liters of water, Emmamectin benzoate 5 SG @0.5g/liters of water, Chlorpyriphos 50% + Cypermetharin 5% Ec. @2ml/liters of water, lambada-Cyhalothrin 5% EC. @2ml/liters of water should be found effective chemical control on armyworm.

Mass trapping of Pectinophora gossypiella (Saunders) (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae) using light and sex-pheromone traps in cotton

The pink bollworm, Pectinophora gossypiella (Saunders) (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae) is an important insect pest of the cotton crop worldwide. Sex-pheromone and light traps were used to monitor the adult P. gossypiella population in Bt cotton field for the years 2017-18 at southern Punjab, Pakistan. The sampling of infested bolls was done to record the damage level of P. gossypiella. The sex-pheromone traps captured approximately 2-3 times more adults than light traps in all locations during 2017-18. For sex-pheromone traps, temperature showed negative and strong relation (R2 = 0.63-0.80) with trap catches. Fewer bolls (7.0-9.0%) were infested in plots where sex-pheromone traps were installed compared to check plots (32-37%). Therefore, the pheromone trapping proved an effective and eco-friendly tool for the monitoring and management of P. gossypiella. Our findings enable forecasting of seasonal P. gossypiella population providing additional information for the development of an integrated pest management program for this pest.