fruit orchards
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2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Le Van Dang ◽  
Ngo Phuong Ngoc ◽  
Ngo Ngoc Hung

Fruit orchards in the Vietnamese Mekong Delta (VMD) are severely degraded due to many factors, such as low organic matter content, soil acidification, and poor soil management. Organic manures are considered to be a soil conservation measure that decreases soil degradation and acidity. This study aimed to evaluate the impacts of soil organic amendments on the improvement of soil fertility and pomelo productivity. Two soil amendments, namely, chicken manure (CM) and cow dung (CD), were investigated for a period of three years at three pomelo orchards. The soil quality was assessed in two depths (0–20 and 20–50 cm), including the soil pH, electrical conductivity (EC), total nitrogen (Ntot), available phosphorus (Pavail), soil organic matter (SOM), bulk density (BD), and exchangeable cations (Ca, Mg, and K). The results indicated that CD and CM improved soil fertility in topsoil layer (0–20 cm) due to an increase in soil pH, SOM, exchangeable Ca, Ntot, and Pavail. In addition, soil BD significantly reduced after CD and CM were supplied in the three consecutive years of study. The soil quality properties that significantly affected pomelo yield were SOM, Ntot, Pavail, and soil BD. Thus, these soil qualities may be considered as key factors for determining and assessing soil quality in fruit orchards in the VMD. More studies on the influence of organic manures on nutrient uptake and pomelo fruit quality are warranted.


2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Bianca Drepper ◽  
Brecht Bamps ◽  
Anne Gobin ◽  
Jos Van Orshoven

Abstract Background Spring frosts pose an important threat to orchard productivity in temperate zones and predictions of future occurrences do not exclude damaging events. However, there is no up-to-date and systematic comparison of the effectiveness and conditionality of the existing passive and active damage prevention strategies. This review seeks to answer the questions “How do the performances of spring frost damage reduction strategies in temperate fruit orchards compare?” and “How do environmental conditions affect frost damage reduction strategies in temperate fruit orchards?”. Methods and output The review covers on-site frost damage prevention mechanisms and interventions for the most important temperate pome, stone and citrus fruit trees as well as grapevine. Searches include the core collection and regional databases on the Web of Science platform, Scopus, as well as specialized libraries like Agris, Agricola, CAB Abstracts, Groenekennis and selected institutional websites. Included studies report on the effectiveness of at least one intervention in reducing spring frost damage or increasing temperatures in the field. The validity of the studies will be evaluated based on their risk of general research bias and on topic-specific, stakeholder co-designed validity criteria. Data will be extracted regarding the study setup (study design, location, characteristics of frosts) and the resulting temperature increase, crop development alteration and/or damage reductions. The effectiveness of interventions will be evaluated in terms of yields, damage to flowers, ambient temperature and/or crop development. An Evidence Atlas will identify general and geographic research gaps, as well as research trends. Meta-regression of effectiveness on environmental conditions will be attempted.


2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 072-075
Author(s):  
Abobatta Waleed Fouad

The main purpose of a High-intensity cultivation system is to maximize the yield crop per area unit through planting more trees, exploiting efficient use of different resources. There are different factors that affect high-intensity cultivation that include Land-cost, planting spaces, tree size, Rootstock, and Practice management. Meanwhile, the adoption of High-intensity cultivation to control canopy size, by using modern management practices is very crucial to get more yields in the early stages of the orchard besides simplicity in its management and increase the farmers’ net profit. In addition, High-density cultivation use in different fruit crops like olive, mango, orange, mandarin, Apple, and cherry. Numerous benefits of intensive fruit cultivation include increase fruit yield per unit area, improving use efficiency of natural resources e.g. soil, light, water, and nutrients, enhancing fruit quality, improving soil properties and rising levels of organic carbon and nutrients in plant tissues …etc. In addition, it is very effective in acid lime soil and achieves high income for the farmers.


2021 ◽  
Vol 80 (3) ◽  
pp. 53-57
Author(s):  
Lautaro E. Bennardo ◽  
Lucas E. Kreiman ◽  
Luciano M. Gandini ◽  
Johnma J. Rondón ◽  
Lucía Turdera ◽  
...  

Here we report on the first peculiar detection of the spotted-winged drosophila, Drosophila suzukii (Matsumura) on Martín García Island, a wildlife refuge located in the Río de la Plata estuary, Argentina. Flies were collected using banana baited traps fermented with live yeast, in sandy areas with abundant presence of cactus in the interior of the island. The absence of cultivated host plants, e.g., fruit crops, and the small population of humans inhabiting the island make the presence of D. suzukii in this wildlife refuge unexpected. Previous detection of this fly in South America happened mostly within commercial fruit orchards and/or neighboring fields.


2021 ◽  
Vol 60 (2) ◽  
pp. 253-257
Author(s):  
Duccio MIGLIORINI ◽  
Francesco PECORI ◽  
Aida RAIO ◽  
Nicola LUCHI ◽  
Domenico RIZZO ◽  
...  

2-years-old plants of Pyrus communis showing symptoms of fire blight disease were sampled in an orchard in Tuscany (Italy) during Autumn 2020. Plants were obtained the previous spring from a commercial nursery located in a region where the disease is present since 1994. The collected material was processed in the lab in order to verify the presence of the bacterium Erwinia amylovora, the causal agent of fire blight. Pure isolates showing white mucoid colonies and levan producers on Levan medium were putatively assimilated to E. amylovora. DNA was extracted from the cultures and analysed with three molecular assays, including duplex PCR of the 29-Kb plasmid pEA29 and the ams chromosomal region, sequencing of the 16S rDNA and recA gene regions, two real-time PCR assays on symptomatic plant tissues. All tests confirmed the presence of E. amylovora. Symptomatic and surrounding plants were removed and immediately destroyed according to the regional phytosanitary protocol. This outcome poses a serious threat for fruit orchards in the area.


Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. 1829
Author(s):  
Herminia Puerto ◽  
Miguel Mora ◽  
Bernat Roig-Merino ◽  
Ricardo Abadía-Sánchez ◽  
José María Cámara-Zapata ◽  
...  

Over the last three decades, a great investment effort has been made in the modernization of irrigation in the Valencian Community (Spain). The initial change from distribution networks to pressurized ones and the shift towards drip irrigation systems was followed by improvements in irrigation scheduling, based on agrometeorological data, soil water content sensors, and remote sensing. These improvements are considered adequate for increasing irrigation water use efficiency, but it is difficult to find systematic measurements to assess its impacts on irrigation adequacy along with irrigation productivity in fruit orchards. This work presents the results of a four year assessment of irrigation water and energy use efficiency along with water productivity of a recently established irrigation community in the province of Valencia (Spain). The study was carried out at the orchard level and focused on two fruit crops: persimmon and peach trees. Six irrigation performance indicators, relative water supply (RWS), relative irrigation supply (RIS), yield performance (Yp), global water productivity (WPoverall), output per unit irrigation water (OUI), and the percent of nitrogen fertilization obtained by irrigation water, were defined and calculated for years 2017 to 2020 in 104 persimmon and peach orchards. The results showed that most of the farmers irrigated below the crop water requirements, showing RWS and RIS values less than 1, and there was great variability among farmers, especially in WPoverall and OUI indicators.


Land ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 964
Author(s):  
Ioannis K. Tsanis ◽  
Konstantinos D. Seiradakis ◽  
Sofia Sarchani ◽  
Ioanna S. Panagea ◽  
Dimitrios D. Alexakis ◽  
...  

The risk of erosion is particularly high in Mediterranean areas, especially in areas that are subject to a not so effective agricultural management–or with some omissions–, land abandonment or wildfires. Soils on Crete are under imminent threat of desertification, characterized by loss of vegetation, water erosion, and subsequently, loss of soil. Several large-scale studies have estimated average soil erosion on the island between 6 and 8 Mg/ha/year, but more localized investigations assess soil losses one order of magnitude higher. An experiment initiated in 2017, under the framework of the SoilCare H2020 EU project, aimed to evaluate the effect of different management practices on the soil erosion. The experiment was set up in control versus treatment experimental design including different sets of treatments, targeting the most important cultivations on Crete (olive orchards, vineyards, fruit orchards). The minimum-to-no tillage practice was adopted as an erosion mitigation practice for the olive orchard study site, while for the vineyard site, the cover crop practice was used. For the fruit orchard field, the crop-type change procedure (orange to avocado) was used. The experiment demonstrated that soil-improving cropping techniques have an important impact on soil erosion, and as a result, on soil water conservation that is of primary importance, especially for the Mediterranean dry regions. The demonstration of the findings is of practical use to most stakeholders, especially those that live and work with the local land.


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