DNA repair initiated by glycosylases in the nucleus and mitochondria of mammalian cells; how our cells respond to a flood of oxidative DNA damage

2005 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. S9-S19 ◽  
Author(s):  
Masashi Takao ◽  
Akira Yasui
2018 ◽  
Vol 46 (15) ◽  
pp. 7747-7756 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hervé Menoni ◽  
Franziska Wienholz ◽  
Arjan F Theil ◽  
Roel C Janssens ◽  
Hannes Lans ◽  
...  

Materials ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 1427 ◽  
Author(s):  
Agmal Scherzad ◽  
Till Meyer ◽  
Norbert Kleinsasser ◽  
Stephan Hackenberg

Background: Zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) are among the most frequently applied nanomaterials in consumer products. Evidence exists regarding the cytotoxic effects of ZnO NPs in mammalian cells; however, knowledge about the potential genotoxicity of ZnO NPs is rare, and results presented in the current literature are inconsistent. Objectives: The aim of this review is to summarize the existing data regarding the DNA damage that ZnO NPs induce, and focus on the possible molecular mechanisms underlying genotoxic events. Methods: Electronic literature databases were systematically searched for studies that report on the genotoxicity of ZnO NPs. Results: Several methods and different endpoints demonstrate the genotoxic potential of ZnO NPs. Most publications describe in vitro assessments of the oxidative DNA damage triggered by dissoluted Zn2+ ions. Most genotoxicological investigations of ZnO NPs address acute exposure situations. Conclusion: Existing evidence indicates that ZnO NPs possibly have the potential to damage DNA. However, there is a lack of long-term exposure experiments that clarify the intracellular bioaccumulation of ZnO NPs and the possible mechanisms of DNA repair and cell survival.


2019 ◽  
Vol 41 (3) ◽  
pp. 257-266
Author(s):  
Ilaria Dutto ◽  
Claudia Scalera ◽  
Micol Tillhon ◽  
Giulio Ticli ◽  
Gianluca Passaniti ◽  
...  

Abstract Rubinstein-Taybi syndrome (RSTS) is an autosomal-dominant disorder characterized by intellectual disability, skeletal abnormalities, growth deficiency and an increased risk of tumors. RSTS is predominantly caused by mutations in CREBBP or EP300 genes encoding for CBP and p300 proteins, two lysine acetyl-transferases (KAT) playing a key role in transcription, cell proliferation and DNA repair. However, the efficiency of these processes in RSTS cells is still largely unknown. Here, we have investigated whether pathways involved in the maintenance of genome stability are affected in lymphoblastoid cell lines (LCLs) obtained from RSTS patients with mutations in CREBBP or in EP300 genes. We report that RSTS LCLs with mutations affecting CBP or p300 protein levels or KAT activity, are more sensitive to oxidative DNA damage and exhibit defective base excision repair (BER). We have found reduced OGG1 DNA glycosylase activity in RSTS compared to control cell extracts, and concomitant lower OGG1 acetylation levels, thereby impairing the initiation of the BER process. In addition, we report reduced acetylation of other BER factors, such as DNA polymerase β and Proliferating Cell Nuclear Antigen (PCNA), together with acetylation of histone H3. We also show that complementation of CBP or p300 partially reversed RSTS cell sensitivity to DNA damage. These results disclose a mechanism of defective DNA repair as a source of genome instability in RSTS cells.


1995 ◽  
Vol 16 (12) ◽  
pp. 3009-3013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrea Hartwig ◽  
Regina Schlepegrell

2008 ◽  
Vol 29 (3) ◽  
pp. 794-807 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lyra M. Griffiths ◽  
Dan Swartzlander ◽  
Kellen L. Meadows ◽  
Keith D. Wilkinson ◽  
Anita H. Corbett ◽  
...  

ABSTRACT DNAs harbored in both nuclei and mitochondria of eukaryotic cells are subject to continuous oxidative damage resulting from normal metabolic activities or environmental insults. Oxidative DNA damage is primarily reversed by the base excision repair (BER) pathway, initiated by N-glycosylase apurinic/apyrimidinic (AP) lyase proteins. To execute an appropriate repair response, BER components must be distributed to accommodate levels of genotoxic stress that may vary considerably between nuclei and mitochondria, depending on the growth state and stress environment of the cell. Numerous examples exist where cells respond to signals, resulting in relocalization of proteins involved in key biological transactions. To address whether such dynamic localization contributes to efficient organelle-specific DNA repair, we determined the intracellular localization of the Saccharomyces cerevisiae N-glycosylase/AP lyases, Ntg1 and Ntg2, in response to nuclear and mitochondrial oxidative stress. Fluorescence microscopy revealed that Ntg1 is differentially localized to nuclei and mitochondria, likely in response to the oxidative DNA damage status of the organelle. Sumoylation is associated with targeting of Ntg1 to nuclei containing oxidative DNA damage. These studies demonstrate that trafficking of DNA repair proteins to organelles containing high levels of oxidative DNA damage may be a central point for regulating BER in response to oxidative stress.


2004 ◽  
Vol 101 (38) ◽  
pp. 13738-13743 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Lan ◽  
S. Nakajima ◽  
Y. Oohata ◽  
M. Takao ◽  
S. Okano ◽  
...  

2002 ◽  
Vol 383 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jean Cadet ◽  
Sophie Bellon ◽  
Maurice Berger ◽  
Anne-Gaëlle Bourdat ◽  
Thierry Douki ◽  
...  

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