Non-medical prescription opioid use and commercial sex work among adults in residential substance use treatment

2015 ◽  
Vol 156 ◽  
pp. e142
Author(s):  
Alexis K. Matusiewicz ◽  
Amy S. Bohnert ◽  
Erin E. Bonar ◽  
Mark Ilgen
Keyword(s):  
Substance Use ◽  
Sex Work ◽  
Substance Use Treatment ◽  
Prescription Opioid ◽  
Commercial Sex ◽  
Opioid Use ◽  
Medical Prescription ◽  
Commercial Sex Work ◽  
Prescription Opioid Use

scholarly journals Mood and anxiety disorders and their association with non-medical prescription opioid use and prescription opioid-use disorder: longitudinal evidence from the National Epidemiologic Study on Alcohol and Related Conditions

2011 ◽  
Vol 42 (6) ◽  
pp. 1261-1272 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. S. Martins ◽  
M. C. Fenton ◽  
K. M. Keyes ◽  
C. Blanco ◽  
H. Zhu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Substance Use ◽  
Anxiety Disorder ◽  
Anxiety Disorders ◽  
Mood Disorders ◽  
Prescription Opioid ◽  
Opioid Use ◽  
Medical Prescription ◽  
Self Medication ◽  
Prescription Opioid Use

BackgroundNon-medical use of prescription opioids represents a national public health concern of growing importance. Mood and anxiety disorders are highly associated with non-medical prescription opioid use. The authors examined longitudinal associations between non-medical prescription opioid use and opioid disorder due to non-medical opioid use and mood/anxiety disorders in a national sample, examining evidence for precipitation, self-medication and general shared vulnerability as pathways between disorders.MethodData were drawn from face-to-face surveys of 34 653 adult participants in waves 1 and 2 of the National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions. Logistic regression models explored the temporal sequence and evidence for the hypothesized pathways.ResultsBaseline lifetime non-medical prescription opioid use was associated with incidence of any mood disorder, major depressive disorder (MDD), bipolar disorder, any anxiety disorder and generalized anxiety disorder (GAD in wave 2, adjusted for baseline demographics, other substance use, and co-morbid mood/anxiety disorders). Lifetime opioid disorder was not associated with any incident mood/anxiety disorders. All baseline lifetime mood disorders and GAD were associated with incident non-medical prescription opioid use at follow-up, adjusted for demographics, co-morbid mood/anxiety disorders, and other substance use. Baseline lifetime mood disorders, MDD, dysthymia and panic disorder were associated with incident opioid disorder due to non-medical prescription opioid use at follow-up, adjusted for the same covariates.ConclusionsThese results suggest that precipitation, self-medication as well as shared vulnerability are all viable pathways between non-medical prescription opioid use and opioid disorder due to non-medical opioid use and mood/anxiety disorders.

scholarly journals Adverse Childhood Experiences Predict Early Initiation of Opioid Use Behaviors

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Honoria Guarino ◽  
Pedro Mateu-Gelabert ◽  
Kelly Quinn ◽  
Skultip Sirikantraporn ◽  
Kelly V. Ruggles ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Substance Use ◽  
Adverse Childhood Experiences ◽  
Early Initiation ◽  
Prescription Opioid ◽  
Opioid Use ◽  
Medical Prescription ◽  
Childhood Experiences ◽  
Heroin Use ◽  
Adverse Childhood ◽  
Prescription Opioid Use

Introduction: Although a substantial body of research documents a relationship between traumatic stress in childhood and the initiation of substance use later in the life course, only limited research has examined potential linkages between adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) and the initiation of non-medical prescription opioid use and other opioid use behaviors. The present study contributes to this growing body of work by investigating the association of childhood trauma with early initiation of a series of opioid use behaviors.Methods: New York City young adults (n = 539) ages 18–29 who reported non-medical use of prescription opioids or heroin use in the past 30 days were recruited using Respondent-Driven Sampling in 2014–16. Ten ACEs were assessed via self-report with the ACE Questionnaire. Associations between number of ACEs and self-reported ages of initiating seven opioid use behaviors (e.g., non-medical prescription opioid use, heroin use, heroin injection) were estimated with multivariable logistic regression.Results: Eighty nine percent of participants reported at least one ACE, and 46% reported four or more ACEs, a well-supported threshold indicating elevated risk for negative health consequences. Every increase of one trauma was associated with a 12–23% increase in odds of early initiation across the seven opioid use behaviors. Findings also document that the mean age at initiation increased with increasing risk severity across the behaviors, contributing to evidence of a trajectory from opioid pill misuse to opioid injection.Discussion: Increasing number of childhood traumas was associated with increased odds of earlier initiation of multiple opioid misuse behaviors. In light of prior research linking earlier initiation of substance use with increased substance use severity, present findings suggest the importance of ACEs as individual-level determinants of increased opioid use severity. Efforts to prevent onset and escalation of opioid use among at-risk youth may benefit from trauma prevention programs and trauma-focused screening and treatment, as well as increased attention to ameliorating upstream socio-structural drivers of childhood trauma.

Non-medical prescription opioid use among US youth: 2015-2018

2020 ◽  
Vol 46 (4) ◽  
pp. 498-505
Author(s):  
R. Andrew Yockey ◽  
Keith A. King ◽  
Rebecca A. Vidourek
Keyword(s):  
Prescription Opioid ◽  
Opioid Use ◽  
Medical Prescription ◽  
Prescription Opioid Use

scholarly journals Identifying a Need for Mental Health Services Posthospitalization in Adolescent Trauma Patients

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexandra Hochstetler ◽  
Ashley Vetor ◽  
Jodi Raymond ◽  
Hannah Bozell ◽  
Teresa Bell
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Substance Use ◽  
Alcohol Use ◽  
Mental Health Disorders ◽  
Pain Severity ◽  
Pain Interference ◽  
Prescription Opioid ◽  
Opioid Use ◽  
Health Disorders ◽  
Prescription Opioid Use

Background: Nearly 150,000 children were hospitalized due to an injury in 2018. Hospitalized patients are often prescribed opioids and as a result, one in eight adolescents will continue using opioids twelve months after hospitalization. Predictors of sustained opioid use and future misuse posthospitalization have yet to be studied in adolescents. One of these predictors may be mental health disorders following hospitalization. It is known mental health disorders can lead to substance use disorders if not addressed properly. In this study we examined the associations between injury severity, mental health, and substance use among adolescents.     Methods: Patients between 12 to 18 years old admitted for trauma were surveyed upon enrollment, and subsequently at 1, 3, 6, and 12 months posthospitalization. These surveys measured anxiety, depression, posttraumatic stress, prescription and non-prescription drug use, pain severity and pain interference.   Results: At enrollment and one-month posthospitalization, higher pain interference was associated with anxiety (p=.003), depression (p<.001), and PTSD (p=.004). Increased pain severity was also associated with higher PTSD (p=.003) However, at three months, pain severity and interference were only associated with PTSD (p=.005, p=.009). Frequent alcohol use and higher PTSD were found to be statistically significant at six and twelve months (p=.02). Regular prescription opioid use was related to higher anxiety (p=.048) and depression (p=.048) only at enrollment and higher PTSD only at one month (p=.034). Prescription opioid use was not associated with pain severity and interference at enrollment but was found significant at one month (p=.016, p=.36).    Conclusion: Adolescents who reported higher pain severity and interference also more commonly had mental health disorders such as PTSD, anxiety, and depression. Higher PTSD scores and frequent alcohol use were also related post-injury. Screening for mental health after hospitalization should be further investigated in identifying adolescents who may be at risk for future opioid use disorders. 

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