Behavioral and developmental toxicity assessment of the strobilurin fungicide fenamidone in zebrafish embryos/larvae (Danio rerio)

Azo dyes are used widely as color additives in food, drugs, and cosmetics; hence, there is an increasing concern about their safety and possible health hazards. In the present study, we chose 4 azo dyes tartrazine, Sunset Yellow, amaranth, and Allura red and evaluated their developmental toxicity on zebrafish embryos. At concentration levels of 5 to 50 mM, we found that azo dyes can induce hatching difficulty and developmental abnormalities such as cardiac edema, decreased heart rate, yolk sac edema, and spinal defects including spinal curvature and tail distortion. Exposure to 100 mM of each azo dye was completely embryolethal. The median lethal concentration (LC50), median effective concentration (EC50), and teratogenic index (TI) were calculated for each azo dye at 72 hours postfertilization. For tartrazine, the LC50 was 47.10 mM and EC50 value was at 42.66 mM with TI ratio of 1.10. For Sunset Yellow, the LC50 was 38.93 mM and EC50 value was at 29.81 mM with TI ratio of 1.31. For amaranth, the LC50 was 39.86 mM and EC50 value was at 31.94 mM with TI ratio of 1.25. For Allura red, the LC50 was 47.42 mM and EC50 value was 40.05 mM with TI ratio of 1.18. This study reports the developmental toxicity of azo dyes in zebrafish embryos at concentrations higher than the expected human exposures from consuming food and drugs containing azo dyes.

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In vivo and in silico evaluations of survival and cardiac developmental toxicity of quinolone antibiotics in zebrafish embryos (Danio rerio)

Environmental Pollution ◽

10.1016/j.envpol.2021.116779 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 277 ◽

pp. 116779

Author(s):

Ying Han ◽

Yuanyuan Ma ◽

Shangchen Yao ◽

Jingpu Zhang ◽

Changqin Hu

Keyword(s):

Danio Rerio ◽

In Silico ◽

Developmental Toxicity ◽

Zebrafish Embryos ◽

Quinolone Antibiotics

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Developmental toxicity assessment of 4-MBC in Danio rerio embryo-larval stages

The Science of The Total Environment ◽

10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.149920 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 149920

Author(s):

Ved Prakash ◽

Veena Jain ◽

Shweta Singh Chauhan ◽

Parthasarathi Ramakrishnan ◽

Somendu K. Roy ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Danio Rerio ◽

Developmental Toxicity ◽

Toxicity Assessment ◽

Larval Stages

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Comparative Toxicity Assessment of Kratom Decoction, Mitragynine and Speciociliatine Versus Morphine on Zebrafish (Danio rerio) Embryos

Frontiers in Pharmacology ◽

10.3389/fphar.2021.714918 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 12 ◽

Author(s):

Thenmoly Damodaran ◽

Nelson Jeng-Yeou Chear ◽

Vikneswaran Murugaiyah ◽

Mohd Nizam Mordi ◽

Surash Ramanathan

Keyword(s):

Therapeutic Potential ◽

Developmental Toxicity ◽

Toxicity Assessment ◽

Spinal Curvature ◽

Hatching Rate ◽

Morphological Development ◽

Zebrafish Embryos ◽

Dependent Manner ◽

Zebrafish Model ◽

Concentration Dependent Manner

Background: Kratom (Mitragyna speciosa Korth), a popular opioid-like plant holds its therapeutic potential in pain management and opioid dependence. However, there are growing concerns about the safety or potential toxicity risk of kratom after prolonged use.Aim of the study: The study aimed to assess the possible toxic effects of kratom decoction and its major alkaloids, mitragynine, and speciociliatine in comparison to morphine in an embryonic zebrafish model.Methods: The zebrafish embryos were exposed to kratom decoction (1,000–62.5 μg/ml), mitragynine, speciociliatine, and morphine (100–3.125 μg/ml) for 96 h post-fertilization (hpf). The toxicity parameters, namely mortality, hatching rate, heart rate, and morphological malformations were examined at 24, 48, 72, and 96 hpf, respectively.Results: Kratom decoction at a concentration range of ≥500 μg/ml caused 100% mortality of zebrafish embryos and decreased the hatching rate in a concentration-dependent manner. Meanwhile, mitragynine and speciociliatine exposure resulted in 100% mortality of zebrafish embryos at 100 μg/ml. Both alkaloids caused significant alterations in the morphological development of zebrafish embryos including hatching inhibition and spinal curvature (scoliosis) at the highest concentration. While exposure to morphine induced significant morphological malformations such as pericardial oedema, spinal curvature (lordosis), and yolk edema in zebrafish embryos.Conclusion: Our findings provide evidence for embryonic developmental toxicity of kratom decoction and its alkaloids both mitragynine and speciociliatine at the highest concentration, hence suggesting that kratom consumption may have potential teratogenicity risk during pregnancy and thereby warrants further investigations.

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