Synthesis of carbonaceous solid acid magnetic catalyst from empty fruit bunch for esterification of palm fatty acid distillate (PFAD)

2019 ◽  
Vol 195 ◽  
pp. 480-491 ◽  
Author(s):  
Naeemah A. Ibrahim ◽  
Umer Rashid ◽  
Yun Hin Taufiq-Yap ◽  
Thomas Choong Shean Yaw ◽  
Ismayadi Ismail
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Solid Acid ◽  
Empty Fruit Bunch ◽  
Magnetic Catalyst ◽  
Palm Fatty Acid Distillate ◽  
Fatty Acid Distillate

Effective biodiesel synthesis from palm fatty acid distillate (PFAD) using carbon-based solid acid catalyst derived glycerol

2019 ◽  
Vol 142 ◽  
pp. 658-667 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shatesh Kumar Sangar ◽  
Osman Nur Syazwani ◽  
M.S. Ahmad Farabi ◽  
S.M. Razali ◽  
Gnanasekhar Shobhana ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Solid Acid ◽  
Solid Acid Catalyst ◽  
Acid Catalyst ◽  
Palm Fatty Acid Distillate ◽  
Biodiesel Synthesis ◽  
Fatty Acid Distillate ◽  
Carbon Based

Utilization of palm fatty acid distillate in methyl esters preparation using SO42−/TiO2–SiO2 as a solid acid catalyst

2016 ◽  
Vol 116 ◽  
pp. 244-248 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nurul Hajar Embong ◽  
Gaanty Pragas Maniam ◽  
Mohd Hasbi Ab. Rahim ◽  
Keat Teong Lee ◽  
Donald Huisingh
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Solid Acid ◽  
Methyl Esters ◽  
Solid Acid Catalyst ◽  
Acid Catalyst ◽  
Palm Fatty Acid Distillate ◽  
Fatty Acid Distillate

scholarly journals Simulation study of the biodiesel production from palm fatty acid distillate using palm empty fruit bunch catalyst in reactive distillation column

2018 ◽  
Vol 154 ◽  
pp. 01010
Author(s):  
Arif Hidayat ◽  
Bachrun Sutrisno
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Simulation Study ◽  
Reactive Distillation ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Biodiesel Production ◽  
Feed Ratio ◽  
Empty Fruit Bunch ◽  
Simulation Studies ◽  
Palm Fatty Acid Distillate ◽  
Fatty Acid Distillate

In this paper, the simulation study of biodiesel production from Palm Fatty Acid Distillate (PFAD) using Palm Empty Fruit Bunch (PEFB) catalyst as the heterogeneous acid catalyst in reactive distillation (RD) column was studied. The main parameters of the basic RD column such as the number of stages, molar ratio of feed, total number of stages, and reboiler heat duty were employed in the simulation study. The equilibrium stage and rate-based models were used for the RD simulation studies. The simulation studies show that the equilibrium stage model could describe the column profiles only qualitatively while the rate-based model was capable in describing the column profiles quantitatively and qualitatively. From simulation results, it can be concluded that the reactive distillation process with the Palm Empty Fruit Bunch catalyst offered advantages over the conventional process because it could eliminate the requirement of post-processing separation and purification at cost-effective column design and operating conditions. The optimum condition for producing biodiesel by reactive distillation using PEFB catalyst was found as follows: 4:1 of methanol to PFAD molar feed ratio, reflux ratio of 1.5, reboiler heat duty of 2.107 kJ/h and 3 reactive stages. This condition provided a FFA conversion of 97 wt% and biodiesel purity of 97.5%.

scholarly journals Synthesis of MnO-NiO-SO 4 −2 /ZrO 2 solid acid catalyst for methyl ester production from palm fatty acid distillate

2017 ◽  
Vol 139 ◽  
pp. 166-174 ◽  
Author(s):  
Salam H.H. Al-Jaberi ◽  
Umer Rashid ◽  
Fairs A.J. Al-Doghachi ◽  
G. Abdulkareem-Alsultan ◽  
Y.H. Taufiq-Yap
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Methyl Ester ◽  
Solid Acid ◽  
Solid Acid Catalyst ◽  
Acid Catalyst ◽  
Palm Fatty Acid Distillate ◽  
Fatty Acid Distillate
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