A novel ammonia solid oxide fuel cell-based powering system with on-board hydrogen production for clean locomotives

Energy ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 119771
Author(s):  
Khaled H.M. Al-Hamed ◽  
Ibrahim Dincer
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Cell ◽  
Hydrogen Production ◽  
Solid Oxide Fuel Cell ◽  
Solid Oxide ◽  
Oxide Fuel

Hybrid Systems Using Solid Oxide Fuel Cell and Polymer Electrolyte Fuel Cell

2008 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hideki Yoshida ◽  
Shinji Amaha ◽  
Hisataka Yakabe
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Cell ◽  
Hydrogen Production ◽  
Solid Oxide Fuel Cell ◽  
Polymer Electrolyte ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Solid Oxide ◽  
Polymer Electrolyte Fuel Cell ◽  
Oxide Fuel ◽  
Excess Heat

In this paper, the concept of an SOFC (Solid Oxide Fuel Cell) and PEFC (Polymer Electrolyte Fuel Cell) hybrid system is presented. Large-scale SOFC systems operated in a thermally self-sustainable state produce excess heat. The excess heat can be used for producing hydrogen. Several variations of hydrogen production systems are presented here. One way is to produce the hydrogen by using an extra reformer. Another way is purifying the off-fuel of SOFCs. The produced hydrogen can be used as the fuel for PEFCs. The overall electrical efficiency of a combination of an SOFC and PEFCs is higher than that of a standalone SOFC. When the hydrogen produced by purifying the off-fuel of the SOFC is used as the fuel for PEFCs, the overall electrical conversion efficiency increases by around 20%.

Control-Oriented Modeling of a Solid-Oxide Fuel Cell Stack Using an LPV Model Structure

2009 ◽  
Author(s):  
Borhan M. Sanandaji ◽  
Tyrone L. Vincent ◽  
Andrew Colclasure ◽  
Robert J. Kee
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Cell ◽  
Solid Oxide Fuel Cell ◽  
Parametric Method ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Solid Oxide ◽  
Model Structure ◽  
Oxide Fuel ◽  
Efficient Operation ◽  
Fuel Cell Stack ◽  
Starting Point

For efficient operation, as well as to avoid operating conditions that can cause damage, fuel cells require a control system to balance fuel and air supply and electrical load. The need to maintain signal constraints during operation, combined with importance of unmeasured variables such as internal stack temperature or fuel utilization, indicate the need for control-oriented models that can be used for estimation and model predictive control. In this paper, we discuss the development of a control-oriented dynamic model of a solid oxide fuel cell stack. Using a detailed physical model as a starting point, we demonstrate the utility of a linear parameter varying (LPV) model structure as a mechanism for model reduction. A novel feature is a non-parametric method for determining the scheduling functions in this model.

Investigation of a Novel Reciprocating Compression Reformer for Use in Solid Oxide Fuel Cell Systems

2003 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anthony N. Zinn ◽  
Todd H. Gardner ◽  
David A. Berry ◽  
Robert E. James ◽  
Dushyant Shekhawat
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Cell ◽  
Solid Oxide Fuel Cell ◽  
Cell System ◽  
Optimal Operation ◽  
Solid Oxide ◽  
Phase Reaction ◽  
Oxide Fuel ◽  
Carbon Formation ◽  
Fuel Cell System ◽  
Cell Systems

A novel reciprocating compression device has been investigated as a non-catalytic natural gas reformer for solid oxide fuel cell systems. The reciprocating compression reformer is a potential improvement over current reforming technology for select applications due to its high degree of heat integration, its homogenous gas phase reaction environment, and its ability to co-produce shaft work. Performance modeling of the system was conducted to understand component integration and operational characteristics. The reformer was modeled by utilizing GRI mech. in tandem with CHEMKIN. The fuel cell was modeled as an equilibrium reactor assuming constant fuel utilization. The effect on the reformer and the reformer – fuel cell system efficiencies and exit gas concentrations was examined over a range of relative air-to-fuel ratios, 0.2 to 1.0, and at compression ratios of 50 and 100. Results from this study indicate that the reformer – fuel cell system could approach 50% efficiency, if run at low relative air-to-fuel ratios (0.3 to 0.5). With higher air-to-fuel ratios, system efficiencies were shown to continuously decline due to a decrease in the quality of synthesis gas provided to the fuel cell (i.e. more power being produced by the reformer). Optimal operation of the system has been shown to occur at a relative air-to-fuel ratio of approximately 0.775 and to be nearly independent of the compression ratio in the reciprocating compression reformer. Higher efficiencies may be obtained at lower relative air-to-fuel ratios; however, operation below this point may lead to excessive carbon formation as determined from an equilibrium carbon formation analysis.

A Study of Transport Geometry on Heat/Mass Transfer and Polarization of a Solid Oxide Fuel Cell

2006 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yan Ji ◽  
J. N. Chung ◽  
Kun Yuan
Keyword(s):  
Mass Transfer ◽  
Fuel Cell ◽  
Solid Oxide Fuel Cell ◽  
Heat Mass Transfer ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Solid Oxide ◽  
Oxide Fuel ◽  
Transfer Coefficients ◽  
Cell Efficiency ◽  
Current Path

The main objective of this paper is to examine the effects of transport geometry on the efficiency of an electrolyte-supported solid oxide fuel cell. A three-dimensional thermo-fluid-electrochemical model is developed to the influences of channel dimensions, rib width and electrolyte thickness on the temperature, mass transfer coefficients, species concentration, local current density and power density. Results demonstrate that decreasing the height of flow channels can significantly lower the average solid temperature and improve the cell efficiency due to higher heat/mass transfer coefficient between the channel wall and flow stream, and a shorter current path. However, this improvement is limited for the smallest channel. The cell with a thicker rib width and a thinner electrolyte layer has higher efficiency and lower average temperature. Numerical simulation will be expected to help optimize the design of a solid oxide fuel cell.

Numerical Modeling of a Disk Shape Planar SOFC

2004 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zheng Dang ◽  
Hiroshi Iwai ◽  
Kenjiro Suzuki
Keyword(s):  
Mass Transfer ◽  
Numerical Modeling ◽  
Fuel Cell ◽  
Solid Oxide Fuel Cell ◽  
Thermal Management ◽  
Effective Means ◽  
Solid Oxide ◽  
Potential Fields ◽  
Oxide Fuel ◽  
Electrochemical Processes

In this study, numerical modeling of air and fuel flows, electrochemical processes, heat and mass transfer and electric potential fields and related electric current has been attempted for a disk shape planar solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC). This is the extension of the previous similar works on a tubular type solid oxide fuel cell, Nishino et al. (2003) and Li and Suzuki (2004). Numerical model to be established can be used as an effective means to simulate the phenomena in the cell. Such information can be used in the optimum design and thermal management of SOFC.

Operation of a Solid Oxide Fuel Cell on Biodiesel With a Partial Oxidation Reformer

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicholas Siefert ◽  
Dushyant Shekhawat ◽  
Randall Gemmen ◽  
Edward Robey ◽  
Richard Bergen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Cell ◽  
Solid Oxide Fuel Cell ◽  
Standardized Testing ◽  
Pacific Northwest ◽  
National Laboratory ◽  
Pacific Northwest National Laboratory ◽  
Test Stand ◽  
Solid Oxide ◽  
Biodiesel Fuel ◽  
Oxide Fuel

The National Energy Technology Laboratory’s Office of Research & Development (NETL/ORD) has successfully demonstrated the operation of a solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) using reformed biodiesel. The biodiesel for the project was produced and characterized by West Virginia State University (WVSU). This project had two main aspects: 1) demonstrate a catalyst formulation on monolith for biodiesel fuel reforming; and 2) establish SOFC stack test stand capabilities. Both aspects have been completed successfully. For the first aspect, in–house patented catalyst specifications were developed, fabricated and tested. Parametric reforming studies of biofuels provided data on fuel composition, catalyst degradation, syngas composition, and operating parameters required for successful reforming and integration with the SOFC test stand. For the second aspect, a stack test fixture (STF) for standardized testing, developed by Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL) and Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL) for the Solid Energy Conversion Alliance (SECA) Program, was engineered and constructed at NETL. To facilitate the demonstration of the STF, NETL employed H.C. Starck Ceramics GmbH & Co. (Germany) anode supported solid oxide cells. In addition, anode supported cells, SS441 end plates, and cell frames were transferred from PNNL to NETL. The stack assembly and conditioning procedures, including stack welding and sealing, contact paste application, binder burn-out, seal-setting, hot standby, and other stack assembly and conditioning methods were transferred to NETL. In the future, fuel cell stacks provided by SECA or other developers could be tested at the STF to validate SOFC performance on various fuels. The STF operated on hydrogen for over 1000 hrs before switching over to reformed biodiesel for 100 hrs of operation. Combining these first two aspects led to demonstrating the biodiesel syngas in the STF. A reformer was built and used to convert 0.5 ml/min of biodiesel into mostly hydrogen and carbon monoxide (syngas.) The syngas was fed to the STF and fuel cell stack. The results presented in this experimental report document one of the first times a SOFC has been operated on syngas from reformed biodiesel.

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