A Review on the CO2 Emission Reduction Scheme and Countermeasures in China’s Energy and Power Industry under the Background of Carbon Peak

To reach the peak of carbon emission in China, the energy and power industry has the most arduous task and the heaviest responsibility. It should not only ensure efficient economic development, but also complete the arduous task of energy conservation and emission reduction. It is the main force in helping reach the peak of carbon emission. Taking the achievement of carbon peak in China’s power industry as the research object, this paper utilizes time series analyses to establish CO2 emission prediction models for China and its power industry under two scenarios: with and without a carbon peak target. The paper analyzes the current status of achieving carbon peak in China’s power industry and puts a forward CO2 emission reduction scheme for China and its power industry in the future. On this basis, countermeasures for China’s power industry to deal with carbon peak are explored.

Biophotocatalytic Reduction of CO2 in Anaerobic Biogas Produced from Wastewater Treatment Using an Integrated System

This study presents the bio-photocatalytic upgrading of biogas utilising carbon dioxide (CO2) as a potential option for beginning fossil fuel depletion and the associated environmental risks in the pursuit of sustainable development. Herein, magnetite photocatalyst (Fe-TiO2) was employed with an integrated anaerobic-photomagnetic system for the decontamination of municipality wastewater for biogas production. The Fe-TiO2 photocatalyst used, manufactured via a co-precipitation technique, had a specific surface area of 62.73 m2/g, micropore volume of 0.017 cm3/g and pore size of 1.337 nm. The results showed that using the ultraviolet-visible (UV-Vis) photomagnetic system as a post-treatment to the anaerobic digestion (AD) process was very effective with over 85% reduction in colour, chemical oxygen demand (COD) and turbidity. With an organic loading rate (OLR) of 0.394 kg COD/L·d and hydraulic retention time (HTR) of 21 days, a 92% degradation of the organic content (1.64 kgCOD/L) was attained. This maximised the bioenergy production to 5.52 kWh/m3 with over 10% excess energy to offset the energy demand of the UV-Vis lamp. Assuming 33% of the bioenergy produced was used as electricity to power the UV-Vis lamp, the CO2 emission reduction was 1.74 kg CO2 e/m3, with good potential for environmental conservation.

A Comparative Emissions Assessment - Drill Cuttings Treatment Alternatives

The offshore industry has for many years been cognisant of its impact on the marine environment. Since 1991, strict regulations relating to oil-based drill cuttings discharge have been in force in the signature countries to the OSPAR (Oslo/Paris) Convention. As the impact of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions on climate change has become better understood, global carbon dioxide (CO2) emission reduction targets and how to meet them have risen up operators’ agendas. Offshore operations, which involve marine logistics, are also subject to limits on nitrogen dioxide (NOx) emissions, an indirect GHG that's toxic to humans and contributes to soil and water acidification. The choices that operators make today in how they operate, including the disposal of drill cuttings, must therefore address an increasing number of environmental and climate targets, in addition to health, safety and cost. This paper will outline the results of a comparative study between the offshore processing of drill cuttings and relevant conventional alternatives, including skip and ship, bulk transfer and cuttings reinjection (CRI). It is the first paper to show a direct emissions comparison between offshore processing and all other alternative methods for drill cuttings processing. The study assessed the carbon footprint and NOx emissions for each of the different alternatives for the treatment of drill cuttings. The values were then used to create an interactive emissions calculator that can be easily applied to specific projects to clarify the actual potential for emissions reduction within the drilling waste management process. A number of case studies were then run, comparing the different alternatives. For the examples run, the comparative assessment showed that wellsite thermal processing technology was the favourable alternative in terms of emissions, with an emission reduction in the order of 14 - 48%, compared with the onshore alternatives. Emissions of the alternatives, skip and ship and bulk transfer, were highly dependent on sailing and road transport distances, as well as power source for the onshore treatment facility. The assessment showed that CRI has the highest emissions of CO2 per tonne of cuttings. Alternatives involving onshore treatment had the highest NOx emissions when sailing distance was high, however this was highly dependent on the machinery and fuel source of the transport vessel - and for the offshore alternatives, the on-site energy production solution.

First Ever Gas Simops Implementation In Abu Dhabi Offshore: A Success Story

Gas SIMOPS is a concurrent execution of two or more activities at same time, i.e., Drilling Operation, Oil Production & Gas Injection on an offshore wellhead tower thereby ensuring uninterrupted oil production and continuous reservoir pressure management from gas injection. The alternative to gas injection in this scenario was gas flaring, which has major environmental and financial impact. Considering continuous presence of personnel on drilling rig working over wellhead tower with high pressure gas injection; extensive Risk Analysis were conducted, and additional control/Mitigation measures were implemented. This initiative also contributed to the zero Gas flaring vision of the company by achieving a huge quantity of CO2 emission reduction. This successful Gas SIMOPS model is already being extended to other fields. To achieve this objective and keeping with 100% HSE, an in-house multi-disciplinary team collaborated and successfully executed Gas SIMOPS for the first time in UAE Offshore. Execution of Gas SIMOPS has brought major economic benefits to the company with additional Gas savings incurred.

Analysis of CO2 Emission Reduction Effect of On-Site Production Precast Concrete Member according to Factory Production Environment

Precast concrete (PC) method of construction is preferred for excellence in the reduction of construction period, lightweight, and durability and for PC member to be mostly transported to a site after its production in the in-plant production because the in situ production of the PC member is negatively perceived because of the limitation of space or production process being complex and difficult. However, if the PC member is produced on site and installed, it is possible to reduce the carbon dioxide emissions that are generated during shipping and loading and unloading, which are indirectly required for in-plant production. Carbon dioxide emission reduction effect due to the difference between the in situ production and in-plant production process of the PC member was confirmed by the existing studies, but the study of the carbon dioxide reduction effect according to various production environments of the in-plant production has not been performed. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to analyze the CO2 emission reduction effect of the PC member produced in site according to the in-plant production environment. As a result, it was found that when PC members were produced on site, there was an effect of reducing CO2 emissions by an average of 25.64% compared to factory production. In future, the results of this study will be used as basic data for establishing a CO2 emission reduction plan at construction sites.