Abstract
Green hydrogen energy is a clean alternative fuel that can help developing economies to increase energy security. This study assesses possible solutions for Pakistan's energy scarcity based on a renewable source of green hydrogen generated through wind, solar, biomass, and geothermal energy. For this purpose, four main criteria: economic, commercialization, environmental, and social acceptance, have been assessed. The study used two-step models, the Fuzzy-analytical hierarchal process, and the Data Envelopment Analysis techniques to evaluate hydrogen energy production through available renewable energy sources. According to the fuzzy-led analysis's empirical results, wind energy source optimization is best suited to produce hydrogen energy in Pakistan for all four criteria (economic benefit, environmental impacts, commercial potential, and social acceptance). At the same time, solar is the second-best option in all the given criteria. The DEA-led analysis also considers wind energy as the most efficient source to produce hydrogen energy in Pakistan. This study can help policymakers develop fact-based hydrogen energy projects in their respective areas, especially in developing economies, as most share the same characteristics.
How far do noise concerns travel? Exploring how familiarity and justice shape noise expectations and social acceptance of planned wind energy projects
