Detailed assessment of diesel spray atomization models using visible and X-ray extinction measurements

2017 ◽  
Vol 97 ◽  
pp. 33-45 ◽  
Author(s):  
G.M. Magnotti ◽  
C.L. Genzale
Keyword(s):  
Diesel Spray ◽  
Spray Atomization ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Detailed Assessment

Computer Modeling of Diesel Spray Atomization and Combustion

1998 ◽  
Vol 137 (1-6) ◽  
pp. 171-194 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. XIN ◽  
L. RICART ◽  
R.D. REITZ
Keyword(s):  
Computer Modeling ◽  
Diesel Spray ◽  
Spray Atomization

Large Eddy Simulation of Primary Diesel Spray Atomization

2004 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. de Villiers ◽  
A.D. Gosman ◽  
H.G. Weller
Keyword(s):  
Large Eddy Simulation ◽  
Diesel Spray ◽  
Spray Atomization ◽  
Eddy Simulation ◽  
Large Eddy

scholarly journals Unconstrained and X-ray constrained extremely localized molecular orbitals: analysis of the reconstructed electron density

2014 ◽  
Vol 70 (6) ◽  
pp. 532-551 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leonardo H. R. Dos Santos ◽  
Alessandro Genoni ◽  
Piero Macchi
Keyword(s):  
Dipole Moments ◽  
Topological Analysis ◽  
Molecular Orbitals ◽  
Basis Sets ◽  
Electron Densities ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Localized Molecular Orbitals ◽  
New Strategy ◽  
Electron Distributions ◽  
Detailed Assessment

The recently developed X-ray constrained extremely localized molecular orbital (XC-ELMO) technique is a potentially useful tool for the determination and analysis of experimental electron densities. Molecular orbitals strictly localized on atoms, bonds or functional groups allow one to combine the quantum-mechanical rigour of the wavefunction-based approaches with the easy chemical interpretability typical of the traditional multipole models. In this paper, using very high quality X-ray diffraction data for the glycylglycine crystal, a detailed assessment of the capabilities and limitations of this new method is given. In particular, the effects of constraining the ELMO wavefunctions to experimental X-ray structure-factor amplitudes and the ability of the method to reproduce benchmark electron distributions have been accurately investigated. Topological analysis of the XC-ELMO electron densities and of the zero-flux surface-integrated charges and dipole moments shows that the new strategy is already reliable, provided that sufficiently flexible basis sets are used. These analyses also raise new questions and call for further improvements of the method.

Near Nozzle Diesel Spray Modeling and X-Ray Measurements

2006 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ville Vuorinen ◽  
Martti Larmi ◽  
Eero Antila ◽  
Ossi Kaario ◽  
Essam El-Hannouny ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diesel Spray ◽  
X Ray

X-RAY RADIOGRAPHY MEASUREMENTS OF DIESEL SPRAY STRUCTURE AT ENGINE-LIKE AMBIENT DENSITY

2009 ◽  
Vol 19 (11) ◽  
pp. 1031-1044 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alan L. Kastengren ◽  
Christopher F. Powell ◽  
Yujie Wang ◽  
Kyoung-Su Im ◽  
Jin Wang
Keyword(s):  
Diesel Spray ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Spray Structure

The Utility of Radiographic Focal Erosions of Hands or Feet in Predicting DXA-defined Osteoporosis of the Hip in Patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 74-78 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohsen H. Elshahaly ◽  
Khaled A. Gad
Keyword(s):  
Rheumatoid Arthritis ◽  
Mineral Density ◽  
Pathological Fractures ◽  
Rheumatology Clinic ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Hip Bmd ◽  
Detailed Assessment ◽  
Bone Protection ◽  
Disease Specific

Introduction: Osteoporosis is a common comorbidity in Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA) patients and can result in estimated double risk of pathological fractures. Bone Mineral Density (BMD) is known to decrease with RA because of mechanisms incorporating traditional as well as disease-specific causes. With the advent of newer disease-modifying antirheumatic agents and bone protection medications, it is becoming important to identify those individuals who are at increased risk of developing osteoporosis among RA patients. Aim: In the current study, we aim to evaluate a multitude of factors including focal erosions on radiographs of hands or feet that can predict osteoporosis in RA patients. Methods: After obtaining IRB approval, 26 patients (20 females & 6 males) with a median age of 62 years (95% CI: 57.4 - 66.0) were retrospectively identified from a Rheumatology clinic database with an established diagnosis of RA but not taking osteoporosis medications. A detailed assessment was accomplished including evaluating a number of disease-specific variables, hands/feet radiographs and Dual-energy X-ray Absorptiometry (DXA). Results: The total hip BMD was lower in RA patients with radiographic erosions (0.862 g/cm2 ± 0.17) compared to those patients without erosions (1.011 g/cm2 ± 0.13). On univariate logistic regression, the presence of radiographic erosions predicted osteoporosis of the hip (p = 0.04). ROC curve demonstrated satisfactory performance of erosions in predicting WHO-defined osteoporosis or osteopenia at the hip (AUC = 0.732). Conclusion: RA patients who show radiographic erosions are more likely to develop hip osteoporosis that may require further intervention.

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